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291.
There is an inherent contradiction between the basic building block of most nonmarket productive relationships—hierarchy—and the netcentric vision inspired by the architecture of modern information technology, especially the World Wide Web. This contradiction is explored by David Alberts and Richard Hayes in their book Power to the Edge: Command … Control … in the Information Age. The question has not yet been resolved. 相似文献
292.
In this paper, we construct a simple model that illustrates a perverse effect associated with plea bargaining in which an increase in sanctions can lead to reduced deterrence. This finding is derived from the interaction of binding budgetary constraints and plea bargaining. In an environment with these institutional features, higher sanctions are not always optimal when resources are limited, even if such sanctions are costless. Such potential phenomena may be useful in explaining the fact that many states have introduced limitations on plea bargaining. Prosecutors being concerned with their conviction rates is necessary for such a result to be present. 相似文献
293.
Erik Wibbels Kenneth Roberts 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2010,45(4):383-409
Researchers widely recognize that economic crises have important political consequences, yet there is little systematic research
on the political factors that make nations more or less susceptible to economic crisis. Scholars have long debated the economic
consequences of party systems, executive powers, and societal interest groups, but their relationships to crisis proclivity
are poorly understood. We assess the political correlates of economic crisis using a cross-sectional time-series analysis
of 17 Latin American countries over nearly three decades. Crises are measured along two dimensions—depth and duration—and
disaggregated into three types: inflationary, GDP, and fiscal crises. Statistical results suggest that political institutions
have a modest, and often unexpected, correlation with crises. More important than institutional attributes are social organization
and the nature of party-society linkages, particularly the existence of a densely-organized trade union movement and/or a
powerful leftist party. Strong unions and powerful parties of the left are associated with more severe economic crises, though
there is some evidence that the combination of left-labor strength can alleviate inflationary crises. The results demonstrate the need to disaggregate the concept of
economic crisis and incorporate the societal dimension when studying the political economy of crisis and reform. 相似文献
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Simon Roberts 《The Modern law review》2005,68(1):1-24
For the greater part of the 20th century, representations of law as state law were dominant in the legal scholarship of the West. But over the last thirty years sustained attempts have been made, notably under the self-conscious banner of legal pluralism, to loosen the conceptual bonds between law and government. Early on, acephalous societies in formerly colonial territories and local groupings within the metropolis were represented as legal orders. Latterly, as attention shifted to orderings at regional and global level beyond the nation state, attempts have been made to delineate a general jurisprudence. It is argued here that these conceptual revisions have for the most part been problematic, made in the face of strong evidence linking the cultural assemblage we have come to call law with projects of government. The lecture concludes with a plea that we should be very cautious in representing what are essentially negotiated orders, whether at local or global level, as legal orders; these remain significantly different from those at the level of the state. Today, under an onslaught of jural discourse and institutional design, the distinctive rationalities and values of negotiated order, while arguably deserving to be celebrated, are effectively effaced. 相似文献
297.
This paper reports an analysis of the determinants of the level and changes in Polish industrial concentration in the early post-transition era. In particular, the relative effects of foreign and state ownership are examined. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 144 Polish manufacturing industries over the period 1989–1993. The results suggest that both state and foreign ownership have a significant impact on industry concentration and this relationship is U-shaped. Minimum efficient scale is found to be the only other factor to impact on industry concentration. 相似文献
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There has been an important recent development for trusteesin relation to the general position on clauses which seek toexclude or restrict a trustee's liability for failure to carryout properly their duties imposed by the trust instrument orlaw1. Such clauses, known as Trustee Exemption Clauses, canbe a complete defence, or at least a deterrent to claims inthe increasingly litigious environment in which trustees operate.This article examines the Law Commission's recommendations onexemption clauses applicable in England and Wales. 相似文献