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Jennifer Robyn Ward 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2011,17(4):323-341
This paper reports findings from a London-based study and provides evidence of rigorous law enforcement activity being enacted
in drives to alleviate local areas of public drugs nuisance, namely the use of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) and dispersal
and banning orders, as well as the closure of 'crack houses'. The paper acknowledges these legislative tools were necessary
to deal with the real life problems of visible drugs nuisance that had grown up in some communities, but it draws attention
to the way these policing responses put already vulnerable, ill and highly disadvantaged drugs users at greater risk of marginalisation
than they already experienced. Plus, the punitive reach of banning orders in the form of ASBOs and street-level policing which
centres on minor drugs crimes enhances the criminalisation of low-level drugs offenders and heightened the likelihood of imprisonment.
The author suggests a tension exists between community policing and the removal of visible public drug nuisance through pro-arrest
strategies, and the wider government drugs policy which encourages multi-agency working to channel problem drugs users into
appropriate treatment settings to assist in tackling drugs crime lifestyles. 相似文献
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Economic decline has led to a new wave of population decline throughout the US, meaning more and more cities are shrinking. Growing interest in using smart decline principles to respond to shrinkage has been met with controversy in cities such as Detroit and Cleveland. This paper advances a foundational theory of smart decline that takes as its starting point discussions of ethics, equity, and social justice in the planning and political theory literature, but is well grounded in observations of successful smart decline practice. 相似文献
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Laidler KJ Petersen C Emerton R 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2007,51(1):68-83
Since Hong Kong's return to the People's Republic of China (PRC) there has been a significant rise in the number of Chinese visitors to Hong Kong, including women crossing the border to engage in sex work. Sex work itself is not a crime in Hong Kong, but related activities, like soliciting, are prohibited. Sex work is treated as work for immigration purposes, and visitors who engage in work without an employment visa are breaching their conditions of stay. More than 10,000 mainland Chinese women have been arrested, prosecuted, and sentenced in recent years, causing the correctional population to expand beyond capacity. The authors examine the experiences of 58 incarcerated women in their encounters with the Hong Kong criminal justice system and find that women are processed in a highly routinized bureaucratic manner. They consider the purpose served by the largely bureaucratic form of justice that has emerged in response to migrant sex workers in Hong Kong. 相似文献
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