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961.
Roger W. Byard M.D. Neil Langlois M.D. John D. Gilbert F.R.C.P.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(2):519-520
Abstract: Despite having significant internal injuries, victims of motor vehicle accidents may have surprisingly few external manifestations of trauma. The water test describes a technique whereby water placed in an upwardly facing ear results in drainage from the nose and opposite ear, thus demonstrating transcranial passage of water. This sign can be demonstrated in cases of blunt cranial trauma where there is a “hinge” fracture involving the petrous temporal bones bilaterally associated with a ring fracture extending around the foramen magnum posteriorly. Such a fracture results in separation of the posterior and middle cranial fossae providing a track for water to traverse. The water test provides a quick and noninvasive method for demonstrating the presence of a particular type of skull fracture. 相似文献
962.
Abstract: To determine whether routine decalcification may reduce the amount of stainable iron that is visible on tissue sections, samples of liver and lung tissue with excessive iron stores were placed in three standard decalcifying solutions (i) formic acid [33%], formaldehyde [4%], and NaCl [0.85%]; (ii) formic acid [30%], formaldehyde [4%], and water; and (iii) nitric acid [5%] for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. After exposure to the decalcifying solutions, the tissues were stained with Perls stain. The slides were examined blind and the intensity of iron staining was scored semiquantitatively from 0 to 3+. The trend in all samples over the course of the experiment (96 h) was for reduction in the intensity of hemosiderin staining. As the amount of stainable hemosiderin in tissues may be significantly altered by decalcification, the absence of hemosiderin in tissues adjacent to a fracture site does not necessarily indicate that the injury was acute. 相似文献
963.
Dan E. Krane Ph.D. ; Simon Ford Ph.D. ; Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. ; Keith Inman M.Crim. ; Allan Jamieson Ph.D. ; Roger Koppl Ph.D. ; Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. ; D. Michael Risinger J.D. ; Norah Rudin Ph.D. ; Marc Scott Taylor ; William C. Thompson J.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(2):501-501
964.
965.
Dan E. Krane Ph.D. ; Simon Ford Ph.D. ; Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. ; Keith Inman M.Crim. ; Allan Jamieson Ph.D. ; Roger Koppl Ph.D. ; Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. ; D. Michael Risinger J.D. ; Norah Rudin Ph.D. ; William C. Thompson J.D. Ph.D. ; Marc S. Taylor B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1500-1501
966.
An Analysis of Possible Mechanisms of Unexpected Death Occurring in Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis)
Abstract: Most cases of hydatid disease in human populations are due to Echinococcus granulosus. The hydatid life cycle involves passage between definitive hosts such as dogs and intermediate hosts such as sheep. Humans become accidental intermediate hosts following ingestion of food or water contaminated with eggs or by contact with infected dogs. Although hydatid disease may remain asymptomatic, occasional cases of sudden and unexpected death present to autopsy. Causes of rapid clinical decline involve a wide range of mechanisms including anaphylaxis (with or without cyst rupture), cardiac outflow obstruction or conduction tract disturbance, pulmonary and cerebral embolism, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, myocardial ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, peritonitis, hollow organ perforation, intracerebral mass effect, obstructive hydrocephalus, seizures, cerebral ischemia/infarction, and pregnancy complications. The autopsy assessment of cases therefore requires careful examination of all organ systems for characteristic cystic lesions, as multiorgan involvement is common, with integration of findings so that possible mechanisms of death can be determined. Measurement of serum tryptase and specific IgE levels should be undertaken for possible anaphylaxis. 相似文献
967.
Sarah Schalinski M.D. ; Saskia S. Guddat M.D. ; Michael Tsokos M.D. Ph.D. ; Roger W. Byard M.B.B.S. M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(1):216-219
Abstract: Achalasia is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by esophageal dysmotility and megaesophagus. Two cases are reported that demonstrate unexpected deaths associated with previously unsuspected achalasia. Case 1: A 66-year-old woman was found dead at her home. At autopsy significant stenosing coronary artery atherosclerosis was found with cardiac failure. In addition, a striking finding was narrowing of the distal esophagus with marked proximal dilatation. The esophagus was completely filled with a large amount of soft masticated food and was bulging anteriorly, compressing the left atrium. Death was attributed to ischemic heart disease complicated by previously unsuspected achalasia. Case 2: An 84-year-old man collapsed and suffered a respiratory arrest while eating. Internal examination revealed narrowing of the cardioesophageal junction with marked proximal dilatation of the esophagus that contained approximately 50 mL of soft semi-fluid masticated yellow food paste. Fragments of yellow masticated food remnants were present in upper and lower airways but not within the stomach. There was a history of dementia with symmetrical cerebral ventricular dilatation found at autopsy. Death was attributed to food asphyxia complicating previously unsuspected achalasia with dementia. Megaesophagus may, therefore, be a significant finding at autopsy that may either be a primary cause of unexpected death or else may exacerbate or compound the effects of pre-existing underlying disease. 相似文献
968.
This article identifies key features of the sociotechnical contexts of computer law and security at the times of this journal's establishment in 1985, and of its 200th Issue in 2018. The infrastructural elements of devices, communications, data and actuator technologies are considered first. Social actors as individuals, and in groups, communities, societies and polities, together with organisations and economies, are then interleaved with those technical elements. This provides a basis for appreciation of the very different challenges that confront us now in comparison with the early years of post-industrialism. 相似文献
969.
In this article we examine the role which vindication playsin contract damages. Vindication describes the making good ofa right by the award of an adequate remedy. We argue that, whilethe primary purpose of compensation is to provide an indemnityfor loss, an award of compensatory damages will neverthelessgenerally vindicate the right to performance of the contract.We go on to consider a distinct measure of damages, vindicatorydamages. These, we argue, are neither compensatory nor restitutionary,neither loss-based nor gain-based: they are a rights-based remedy.We then identify various situations in which the courts maybe seen to have awarded what are, in substance, vindicatorydamages. We conclude by considering the benefits which may followfrom recognition of the availability of vindicatory damagesas a contract remedy. 相似文献
970.
In the United States, a longstanding legal rule exists against patenting natural phenomena. The Supreme Court recently had an opportunity to help define the boundaries and clarify the implications of this "natural phenomenon doctrine" in Laboratory Corporation of America v. Metabolite Labs., dismissed as improvidently granted. This article argues that the natural phenomenon doctrine renders both the patent claim at issue in LabCorp, and the patents that directly or indirectly claim biological correlations between genotypes and medical phenotypes, invalid or unenforceable under U.S. patent law. 相似文献