CO2 emission allowances help to internalise effects of fossil fuel consumption on global climate and sea levels. However, consumption,
production and investment decisions do not reach the optimal allocation when the scheme is only implemented in some countries.
Production with inefficient facilities in non-participating countries may even increase. Border tax adjustment (BTA) for costs
incurred from procuring CO2 emission allowances reduces the leakage. We show that BTA can be both feasible and compatible with World Trade Organization
(WTO) constraints. Practicable implementability requires a focus on CO2 emissions from certain processed materials and a separate treatment of electric energy input.
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This study measures patterns following a terrorist attack, from the perspective of market efficiency, to determine the communicative impact of terrorist attacks on the financial marketplace. The Efficient Market Hypothesis postulates that asset prices fully reflect all available information. An important implication is that, because market price changes are determined by new information (or variations in discount rates), it would be highly difficult to “beat the market” with expert stock selection or market timing. Overall, we found that, based on mixed results, terrorist attacks do not lead to a distinguishable pattern in the financial marketplace. Nevertheless, drawing on the Yale Model of Persuasion, these results suggest that terrorists are effective in their communicative goals, and they do lead to a compelling pattern in the proportion of negative returns on the day of the attack. More precisely, terrorists are able to communicate their message on a global scale, thereby resulting in investors adjusting their estimates of value downward. While a possible price correction pattern was found, the lack of statistical analysis performed on the variables, to a certain degree of significance, is a limitation of this study that ultimately renders the results of the study inconclusive.
Abstract: The purpose of this project was to develop a method that, while providing morphological quality control, allows single cells to be obtained from the surfaces of various evidence materials and be made available for DNA analysis in cases where only small amounts of cell material are present or where only mixed traces are found. With the SteREO Lumar.V12 stereomicroscope and UV unit from Zeiss, it was possible to detect and assess single epithelial cells on the surfaces of various objects (e.g., glass, plastic, metal). A digitally operated micromanipulator developed by aura optik was used to lift a single cell from the surface of evidence material and to transfer it to a conventional PCR tube or to an AmpliGrid® from Advalytix. The actual lifting of the cells was performed with microglobes that acted as carriers. The microglobes were held with microtweezers and were transferred to the DNA analysis receptacles along with the adhering cells. In a next step, the PCR can be carried out in this receptacle without removing the microglobe. Our method allows a single cell to be isolated directly from evidence material and be made available for forensic DNA analysis. 相似文献
A bomb attempt in Oberwart, Austria, on February 4, 1995, was the culmination of several pipe and letter bomb attempts mainly in Austria. The pipe bomb had been mounted on a self-made gypsum (plaster of Paris) pedestal and exploded when touched, killing four persons. With a level of 200 tritium units (TU), the water extracted from the gypsum pedestal was unusually enriched in tritium (3H) compared to an environmental level of about 20 TU at that time. Investigation of the 3H content of air moisture in the living room of an arrested suspect showed values of about 1000 TU (normally, 50 TU is not exceeded). Additionally, water used as sealing liquid in a glass with nitroglycerine found in the living room was also significantly enriched in 3H (>400 TU). The living room therefore offered the high 3H level environment necessary to lead to elevated 3H concentrations in the gypsum pedestal. 相似文献
This paper reinvestigates the question of liberal neutrality. We contend that current liberal discussions have been dominated—if not hijacked—by one particular interpretation of what neutrality could imply: namely, exclusive neutrality, aiming to exclude religious and cultural expressions from the public sphere. We will argue that this is merely one among several relevant interpretations. To substantiate our claim, we will first elaborate upon inclusive neutrality by formulating two supplementary interpretations: proportional neutrality and compensatory neutrality. Second, we will argue that inclusive proportional neutrality is the most appropriate interpretation in many contexts. Our discussion highlights the fact that some political disputes should not be seen in terms of the antithesis between liberal neutrality and illiberal alternatives but, instead, as a clash between various valid but incompatible interpretations of what liberal neutrality may imply. 相似文献
Siting contested infrastructure such as repositories for nuclear waste very often faces strong local resistance. One major
reason for this opposition may arise because siting processes do not appropriately consider fairness issues such as transparency,
the availability of options, or the sufficient involvement of concerned and affected people. The aim of this study was to
analyze people’s concerns related to justice in siting nuclear waste. Besides procedural aspects, both distributive justice
and outcome valence are considered important and therefore the “total fairness model” by T?rnblom and Vermunt (Soc Justice
Res 12:39–64, 1999) was used as a framework. In three quasi-experimental studies (N1 = 53; N2 = 56; N3 = 83) applying conjoint analysis, respondents ranked 11 vignettes with the three attributes procedural justice, distributional
justice, and outcome valence. Each vignette represents a realistic scenario of a site selection process for the disposal of
nuclear waste in Switzerland. All the three studies yield a consistent result: vignettes representing a situation with a fair
process are top-ranked by respondents; situations with negative outcome valence are ranked lowest; distributive issues turned
out to be of minor importance. We conclude that procedural fairness should be given more attention in any kind of contested
infrastructure siting and that real-world examples like the one discussed here can inform justice research. 相似文献
Arabs and Islam in Uzbekistan. History of Middle (Central) Asia from the ruling dynasties to today Buribai Ahmedov and Zahidulla Munavvarov Nematulla Ibrahimov (editor) Beirut‐Lebanon: Sharikat al‐matbu at li al‐Tawzi va al‐Nashr, 1996, 464 pp (in Arabic)
Central Asia: Conflict or Stability and Development Shirin Akiner London: Minority Rights Group, 1997, 51 pp ISBN 1 897693 36 2, £4.95
Uzbekistan: The Golden Road to Samarkand Calum Macleod and Bradley Mayhew Hong Kong: Odyssey Guides/London: Hi Marketing Ltd/Lincolnwood, Illinois, US: Odyssey Passport, 1997, 328 pp, Illus, £14.95, A$29.95
Bihzad: Master of Persian Painting Ebadollah Bahari London: I. B. Tauris, 1996, 272 pp, index, illus. £65
Traditional Jewelry of India Oppi Untracht London: Thames and Hudson, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1977, 431 pp., Illus, Biblio, Index, £55
Security Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States: The Southern Belt Mehdi Mozaffari (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, xiv, 234 pp., £42.60
Minorities, Mullahs and Modernity: Reshaping Community in the Former Soviet Union Mark Saroyan (Edward W. Walker, ed.), with Gail W. Lapidus Berkeley, California: International and Area Studies, Research Series, No. 95, 1997, 231 pp., $22.95
Energy Choices in the Near Abroad: The Haves and Have‐Nots Face the Future Robert E. Ebel Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1997, VII, 376 pp., $39.95 相似文献
This paper analyzes the incentive effects of pollution taxesversus pollution permits for a budget oriented Government.Pollution permits are analyzed as durable goods, and apollution tax is seen as being equivalent to leasing outpollution permits. First, a general model is developed, andthen four stylized types of Government are discussed (abenevolent dictator, a pure Leviathan, a green and a business-friendly Government). We show that all types of Governmentprefer a pollution tax system, but this regime is notnecessarily the best in social welfare terms. The intuition isthat a tax or leasing system makes it easier for theGovernment to credibly commit to the budget maximizing levelof pollution permits which is good for Government revenues,but not necessarily for social welfare. 相似文献