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排序方式: 共有194条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Presented is a case report of a violent sexual assault where the DNA profile obtained from an item of evidence was compared to a suspect's profile. The profiles did not match, but the sharing of such a large number of alleles raised the suspicion that perhaps the real perpetrator was a blood relative of the suspect. The investigators requested a sample from the suspect's brother, and a match was defined. In an era of technological breakthroughs in the field of forensic DNA analysis, the importance of the scientist's attention to the evidence presented in each case is stressed. 相似文献
112.
Esther Buchnik MA Barak Ariel PhD Avi Domb PhD Nir Treves MSc Ron Gafny PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(5):1755-1758
In their investigations of criminal cases, law enforcement agencies rely heavily on forensic evidence. Numerous studies have examined the scientific and technological advancements of DNA testing, but little evidence exists on how the availability of DNA evidence influences prosecutors' decisions to move cases forward in the criminal justice system. We created a new database by juxtaposing data from the Forensics Division of the Israel Police, which recorded the presence (or not) of DNA profiles in criminal cases (n = 9862), and data on the indictment decision for each case (2008–2019). Rates of indictments are computed for each case, and trend lines are used to present variations in the rates of indictment decisions with and without DNA profiles. Approximately 15% of all criminal cases without DNA presented to the prosecutor's office are subsequently prosecuted, compared with nearly 55% of cases with DNA profiles. The presence of DNA evidence influences the prosecutor's decision to move a case forward in the criminal justice system. Utilizing a scientific approach to prosecute offenders is a welcome development; however, DNA evidence is not infallible, and caution must be exercised in regard to DNA's overuse in the legal system. 相似文献
113.
If Immigrants Could Vote in the UK: A Thought Experiment with Data from the 2015 General Election
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The distribution of voting rights in the UK is an artefact of history rather than a product of clear legal or philosophical principles. Consequently, some resident aliens (i.e. immigrants) have the right to vote in all UK elections; others can vote in local elections but are excluded from national elections; still others are excluded from all elections. In England and Wales alone, roughly 2.3 million immigrants are excluded from voting in national elections. This exclusion is inconsistent with the founding principle of democracy and distorts political discourse. What if all immigrants could vote in national elections? We estimate that up to ninety‐five parliamentary seats could have been won by a different party in the 2015 general election. More substantially, enfranchising all immigrants would require re‐drawing UK constituency boundaries. The new electoral map would increase the relative power of urban constituencies and would incentivise some political entrepreneurs and parties to temper anti‐immigration rhetoric. 相似文献
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An automated process has been developed for the analysis of forensic casework samples using TECAN Genesis RSP 150/8 or Freedom EVO liquid handling workstations equipped exclusively with nondisposable tips. Robot tip cleaning routines have been incorporated strategically within the DNA extraction process as well as at the end of each session. Alternative options were examined for cleaning the tips and different strategies were employed to verify cross-contamination. A 2% sodium hypochlorite wash (1/5th dilution of the 10.8% commercial bleach stock) proved to be the best overall approach for preventing cross-contamination of samples processed using our automated protocol. The bleach wash steps do not adversely impact the short tandem repeat (STR) profiles developed from DNA extracted robotically and allow for major cost savings through the implementation of fixed tips. We have demonstrated that robotic workstations equipped with fixed pipette tips can be used with confidence with properly designed tip washing routines to process casework samples using an adapted magnetic bead extraction protocol. 相似文献
116.
Langevin R Curnoe S 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2008,52(4):401-415
A sample of 2,286 male sex offenders and paraphilics and 241 nonsex offenders was evaluated for the prevalence of mental retardation and learning disorders, using the full Wechsler IQ scales. The sex offenders were generally of average intelligence, and the mentally retarded were not overrepresented among them, but the learning disordered were. There were no differences among sex offenders and controls in overall IQ or in the percentage of mentally retarded or learning-disordered cases, suggesting that the learning difficulties are not peculiar to sex offenders. There was a bias in referral source, with more mentally retarded, borderline-retarded, and/or learning-disordered cases being referred by the Children's Aid Society, prisons, and the Crown, suggesting that referral source may play a significant role in evaluating intelligence and mental retardation among sex offenders; but the overrepresentation of learning disorders among criminals appears to be a significant phenomenon, regardless of referral source. 相似文献
117.
International migration challenges traditional notions of citizenship as mobile citizens may retain or regain their right to vote in elections. This article examines the rebirth of noncitizen voting rights in US local elections during the past decades. While some campaigns provide voting rights only to authorized immigrants, other campaigns extend voting rights to all noncitizens regardless of their status. Some efforts have been led by immigrant rights organizations and other campaigns arose at the initiative of elected officials. Some measures have been passed—or were defeated—by a majority of voters in a jurisdiction (ballot proposal) while other measures have been passed—or were defeated—by elected representatives (as local statutes). Who spearheaded these campaigns for immigrant voting rights and why? What are key ingredients to the success or failure of these campaigns? What have been their impacts? Using qualitative and quantitative data gathered from field research and public records over the past decade, this article addresses these questions and their implications for advancing immigrant incorporation and democratic practice. 相似文献
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119.
Niels van der Aa Geertjan Overbeek Rutger C. M. E. Engels Ron H. J. Scholte Gert-Jan Meerkerk Regina J. J. M. Van den Eijnden 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):765-776
This study examined the associations between adolescents’ daily Internet use and low well-being (i.e., loneliness, low self-esteem,
and depressive moods). We hypothesized that (a) linkages between high levels of daily Internet use and low well-being would
be mediated by compulsive Internet use (CIU), and (b) that adolescents with low levels of agreeableness and emotional stability,
and high levels of introversion would be more likely to develop CIU and lower well-being. Data were used from a sample of
7888 Dutch adolescents (11–21 years). Results from structural equation modeling analyses showed that daily Internet use was
indirectly related to low well-being through CIU. In addition, daily Internet use was found to be more strongly related to
CIU in introverted, low-agreeable, and emotionally less-stable adolescents. In turn, again, CIU was more strongly linked to
loneliness in introverted, emotionally less-stable, and less agreeable adolescents.
相似文献
Geertjan OverbeekEmail: |
120.
Margot Peeters Antonius H. N. Cillessen Ron H. J. Scholte 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):1041-1052
This study examined the heterogeneity of bullying among adolescents. It was hypothesized that bullying behavior serves different
social functions and, depending on these functions, bullies will differ in their skills, status and social behavior. In a
total sample of 806 8th graders, 120 adolescents (52 boys, 68 girls) were identified as bullies based on peer nominations.
An additional group of 50 adolescents (25 boys, 25 girls) served as the non-bully comparison group. Cluster analysis revealed
three corresponding bully subtypes for boys and girls: a popular-socially intelligent group, a popular moderate group, and
an unpopular-less socially intelligent group. Follow-up analyses showed that the clusters differed significantly from each
other in physical and verbal aggression, leadership, network centrality, peer rejection, and self-perceptions of bullying.
The results confirm the heterogeneous nature of bullies and the complex nature of bullying in the adolescent peer group. 相似文献