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71.
The authors conducted a survey to determine community perceptions about the certainty, celerity, and severity of punishment
with regards to the crime of prostitution. A representative random sample of Mecklenburg County, which includes Charlotte,
North Carolina, was taken and 850 individuals responded. The results revealed that (1) citizens perceive sanctions against
prostitution violations as being applied only infrequently; (2) most respondents perceive the time from violation to arrest
as being relatively short but slower as the offenders proceed through the system, and (3) the severity of punishment is not
perceived as being harsh. The authors argue that the low likelihood of apprehension, both actual and perceived, plus the mild
sanctions may partially account for prostitution’s continued survival. 相似文献
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Negotiation Journal - 相似文献
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Ronald Wright 《Law & policy》1998,20(4):429-464
Between 1993 and 1997, state legislatures across the country passed legislation popularly known as "three strikes and you're out" laws. These laws appeared at a time when sentencing commissions existed in many states, and the commissions were involved in the legislative debates leading to the votes on three strikes laws. Thus, the passage of three strikes laws can shed light on one type of interaction between sentencing commissions and legislatures. This article posits a variety of objectives for sentencing commissions during three strikes debates, each a response to the recurring "pathologies" that appear when legislative, judicial, and executive branch officials create sentencing policy. A survey of states that have passed three strikes laws indicates that sentencing commissions have not made any systematic difference in the legislative debates on these statutes. Commissions have little reason to oppose these laws absolutely, and could lose political credibility by doing so. Commissions have incentives instead to argue for limiting the scope of these statutes. Where commissions have been involved in the debates about habitual felon legislation, they have emphasized limits on judicial discretion, focused on the quality of legislative deliberations rather than on legislative outcomes, and devoted little attention to prosecutorial charging decisions. 相似文献
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Alexander Pope Alison K. Cohen Catherine d.P. Duarte 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2019,19(1)
This paper explores the connections between education for youth civic engagement and theories and strategies from public health (specifically, epidemiology). We illustrate this with four applications of epidemiologic theory to youth civic engagement: social determinants and fundamental causes, vulnerable populations and cumulative disadvantage, positive spillover, and herd immunity and critical mass. Formalizing concepts of current civics, in schools and the public, as a civic epidemic, we present a case for individual‐ and group‐level interventions based around targeted, school‐based, effective civic education initiatives. Grounded in epidemiological theory, such approaches call attention to the simultaneous need to improve broad civics education and ensure that particular populations receive necessary attentions. 相似文献
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