The consumer racial profiling experiences of Black students at historically Black colleges and universities: An exploratory study

This article examines consumer racial profiling among Black students at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Consumer Racial Profiling (CRP) is when store employees target a shopper or shoppers for discriminatory treatment based on their race or ethnicity. The research revealed that students have been exposed to a variety of CRP practices (e.g., being followed around, etc.). Even though they have been victims of CRP, many of the students did not report doing anything about it. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the most significant predictors of both having reported being a victim of CRP and also reporting the incident. The article concludes arguing that victims of CRP must report the incidents—if they are to be minimized, or in the best-case scenario, eliminated. In addition, the authors argue that criminologists should pay more attention to both CRP and the experiences and views of students at HBCUs.     

波斯纳的指责:我的立场究竟是什么

本文是纽约大学著名法学教授德沃金与芝加哥大学著名法学教授波斯纳法官在法理学领域长达 2 0余年的论战的一次全面系统的总结。该文有助于我们进一步了解当代美国的两大法学流派 ,即新自然法学派与法律经济学派在“道德与法律”、“社会正义与经济效益”、“政府权力与个人权利”等相互关系上的重大分歧及各自的立场 ,更深切地体会到美国现代法学理论研究的巨大发展与学术自由的浓厚氛围是息息相连的 ,而这对中国法学的研究与发展不无启迪。     

Political Elites, “Broken Windows”, and the Commodification of Urban Space

This article seeks to uncover the reasons for acceptance of the “broken windows” hypothesis amongst New York City’s political elite. Previous critical approaches have generally sought to challenge broken windows by showing that it is empirically suspect. While such approaches are indispensable, they tend to avoid addressing the problem of why, despite its lack of empirical support, political elites continually endorse the broken windows hypothesis as if it were an indisputable, scientifically established truth. In order to address this problem and extend the critical literature, I utilize an interpretive approach based on political memos, press releases, and other political documents from the Giuliani and Bloomberg administrations. Through an analysis of the official response to graffiti, unruly individuals and noise, I argue that broken windows is embraced by political elites insofar as it serves the interests of growth machines, which essentially seek to commodify and exploit urban spaces.     

The American Exclusionary Rule(s)

Yesterday I discussed with you certain aspects of constitutional adjudication in the United States,andI particularly focused on certain difficulties that beset constitutional interpretation.I did so in part in orderto lay the ground work for today′s lecture on the American Exclusionary Rule(s).When people from other coun-tries refer to the"American Exclusionary Rule",and I note I said"rule"not"rule(s),"they normally have in