This article conducts an analysis of director’s liability in listed firms using modern finance theory. The paper describes
how the use of special general clauses in Danish law regulates director’s liability. It is shown how risk and return combinations
may assist in determining whether management has violated the business judgment rule. The analysis shows that this legal doctrine
is optimal from an economic perspective. The article introduces the concept of “temporal relatively of the shareholder equality
principle” which can be used to determine whether the interests of minority shareholders have been set aside. It is shown
that the principle of shareholder equality must be subjected to both an ex ante, as well as an ex post assessment. Moreover,
courts should be reluctant to interfere in situations where there has been an unequal distribution of gain (or loss) ex post.
The theoretical arguments are illustrated by analyzing a leading Danish court case that involved the squeeze out of minority
shareholders in the Danish telecom company. The paper also analyzes the incentive effects of derivate suits and suits commenced
by individual shareholders. It is shown that the former creates a free rider problem whereas in the latter situation, shareholders
are not fully able to internalize their externalities. 相似文献
Prevalence differences in depressive symptoms between the sexes typically emerge in adolescence, with symptoms more prevalent
among girls. Some evidence suggests that variation in onset and progression of puberty might contribute to these differences.
This study used a genetically informative, longitudinal (assessed at ages 12, 14, and 17) sample of Finnish adolescent twins
(N = 1214, 51.6% female) to test whether etiological influences on depressive symptoms differ as a function of pubertal status.
These tests were conducted separately by sex, and explored longitudinal relationships. Results indicated that pubertal development
moderates environmental influences on depressive symptoms. These factors are more important on age 14 depressive symptoms
among more developed girls relative to their less developed peers, but decrease in influence on age 17 depressive symptoms.
The same effects are observed in boys, but are delayed, paralleling the delay in pubertal development in boys compared to
girls. Thus, the importance of environmental influences on depressive symptoms during adolescence changes as a function of
pubertal development, and the timing of this effect differs across the sexes. 相似文献
The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) is an agreement between all 50 states and the District of Columbia governing the process of placing a foster child out of state. Notorious for its long wait times and system backlog, the ICPC presents a host of problems for children attempting to move mere minutes across state lines to be with a relative or kin placement instead of state foster care. In an effort to make this process smoother, 18 different “border agreements” have been adopted by several neighboring states across the U.S. Such border agreements give temporary placement licenses to relatives and kin while the ICPC process is ongoing. While this is a good start towards a solution, the ICPC could be further streamlined if border agreements were used more widely, especially in regional contexts. This article considers the possibility of such a regional agreement between the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Northern Virginia (known as the “DMV”). By comparing and contrasting two existing border agreements in these three jurisdictions, a regional DMV border agreement can be created implementing the best terms of both agreements. 相似文献
While reports of suicide by smothering and strangulation are common, suicide by choking is far more rare. In addition to the act being difficult to carry out, suspected cases are not easily distinguished from accidental or homicidal deaths. Here, we present a case of suicide by choking on toilet paper in a patient with a long history of schizophrenia. The case was ruled a suicide based on the patient having been witnessed in a previous unsuccessful attempt of the same act. 相似文献
The first part of this article highlights important judicial developments involving employee benefits and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"), as amended, during the latter part of 2003 and the first part of 2004, including the most significant U.S. Supreme Court and federal circuit court decisions. The second part covers recent legislative and regulatory developments in employee benefits law. This article is not meant to be exhaustive, but discusses the more important developments during 2003-2004, with particular focus on issues of concern to the insurance industry. 相似文献
Crisis Response: Humanitarian Band‐Aids in Sudan and Somalia by John Prendergast. London: Pluto Press, 1997. 180pp.
In the Shadow of Marriage: Gender and Justice in an African Community edited by Anne M.O. Griffiths. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1997. ix plus 310pp including notes, references and index.
From Reserve to Region: Apartheid and Social Change in the Keiskammahoek District of (former) Ciskei, 1950–1990 edited by Chris de Wet and Michael Whisson. Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1997. xiv plus 343pp. including tables, figures, appendices, maps. Paperback.
Japan and Africa: Big Business and Diplomacy by Jun Morikawa. First published (in Southern Africa) by Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 1997. xii plus 298 pp. including contents, figures, a list of Japanese terms and abbreviations, photographs, appendices, select bibliographies and an index. Paperback.
Conflict and its Resolution in Contemporary Africa edited by Harry G. West. University Press of America, Lanham, 1997. xv plus 140pp.
A Different Kind of War Story by Carolyn Nordstrom. The University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1997. xviii plus 254pp. including illustrations, notes, bibliography and index. Paperback. 相似文献