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131.
Although reorganizing the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration had been repeatedly proposed in the past seven years, it was not until January 29,1979 that Senator Edward Kenndy (D-Mass.) introduced the "Justice System Improvement Act" designed to do just that. An examination of this bill, and a comparison of the present LEAA structure and function with that proposed in the Act illustrates that the legislation will serve to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of criminal justice fiscal assistance pro- grams. The suggested course is to separate the research and statistics components from purely assistance functions and giving LEAA the latter responsibility on an exclusive basis. Research and Statistics would be housed in their own individual organizational structures, but within the perview of the Department of Justice. Two shortcomings, however, could serve to defeat the proposed bill. Although the legislation gives priority to fiscal assistance to state/local jurisdictions, there is no corresponding increase in financial commitment on the part of the Federal Government. In fact, the FY 1980 budget allocates LEAA its lowest funding level since 1972. At a time of growing concern over crime rates, this would certainly serve to soften the impact of the reorganization effort. In addition, maintaining the research function within the,Department of Justice could well prove prejudi- cial to research findings. The recommended course of action is to adopt the proposal which calls for an indepen-dent "National Institute of Justice, to be organized along similar lines as the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
132.
Oliver Turner 《Third world quarterly》2013,34(7):1193-1208
This article examines the modern day role and purpose of the UN Special Committee on Decolonization. Since its establishment in the 1960s the Committee has helped numerable former colonies achieve independence. Today, with very few ‘colonised’ Non-Self-Governing Territories remaining its work appears almost complete. However, serious flaws have always pervaded its decolonisation strategy; which are now more apparent than ever. The Committee retains narrow and outdated understandings of colonialism and, as a result, fails to recognise how widespread and pervasive global colonial forces remain. This makes its goal of universal decolonisation both unsatisfactory and misguided. The Committee’s problematic approach towards decolonisation stems from its participation within the ‘North–South Theatre’, in which antagonism is perpetuated between the world’s developed and less developed states. The paper argues that the Committee has not prioritised colonised peoples in the way it has always claimed, but instead worked principally in the interests of itself and its members. 相似文献
133.
Ian Turner 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(11):760-778
In law freedom from torture and ill-treatment is “absolute,” meaning that a state cannot infringe the right for purposes that would seem legitimate such as the protection of national security. However, with the growth in international terrorism, particularly suicide violence, should the freedom remain without limitation? This article considers legitimizing torture by reference to the “positive” legal obligation the right imposes on states to prevent harm to individuals by third parties such as terrorists. Assuming such a legal argument could be made out, it is questioned whether adopting such measures of interrogation would in fact outweigh the negative consequences that would inevitably follow from reversing accepted international standards for the protection of, say, detainees from ill-treatment in state custody. 相似文献
134.
Political regimes in East and Southeast Asia run the full spectrum from liberal democracy through various hybrid democratic-authoritarian types and on to full-blown authoritarianism and totalitarianism. While political scientists have invested much effort and ingenuity in creating typologies of regimes to better understand the empirical diversity of political structures and processes, much less attention has been paid to what the citizens think. How do people in East and Southeast Asian countries perceive their own institutions and performance of governance? This article uses public opinion data derived from the AsiaBarometer 2006 and 2007 Surveys of 12 East and Southeast Asian countries to map what citizens actually think about their structures, processes, and outcomes of governance and compare these with the regime classifications of political scientists. The results revealed universal commitment to elections but disillusionment with political practice, positive estimations of the institutions of governance in Southeast Asia but much less enthusiasm in East Asia, and a preference for moderate opinions. There is no clear overall correlation between regime type and popular perception. 相似文献
135.
Charles Turner 《Economy and Society》2013,42(2):303-308
Abstract Roger Smith's plea on behalf of the human sciences raises important and neglected questions about the basis of interdisciplinary work. Central here is the role played in human self-understanding by the history of human self-understanding. Smith's basic position is attractive, but his book might have drawn on a broader range of resources in order to back it up. 相似文献
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Jodi Lane Susan Turner Terry Fain Amber Sehgal 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2007,3(3):201-219
In the late 1990s Ventura County, California, USA, implemented the South Oxnard Challenge Project (SOCP), designed to provide
intensive, multi-agency services to youth on probation. SOCP built their program guided by Clear’s “corrections of place”
model, which argued that community corrections could decrease offender risk by focusing on restorative principles rather than
on coercion. SOCP was designed as a randomized experiment, comparing youths in the experimental group with those on routine
probation. Researchers interviewed youths in both the experimental and control groups 1 year after random assignment. This
article reports on self-reported crime and drug use, finding few significant differences across groups. Specifically, we find
that SOCP youths were significantly more likely to indicate that they had committed a violent crime generally, although a
majority of both groups indicated they had done so. We found that those in SOCP who robbed people also did so significantly
more often than did the comparison group. In the control group, youths reported committing homicide significantly more often,
but this was a rare event. Among those youths who reported taking part in gang or posse fights, those in the control group
did so significantly more often. Finally, youths in the control group were significantly more likely to have used ecstasy
on more days during the previous month than were those in the SOCP.
Jodi Lane is Associate Professor in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at the University of Florida (UF), USA. She was a criminal justice policy analyst for the RAND Corporation before joining the faculty at UF and was the onsite project coordinator for the South Oxnard Challenge Project (SOCP) evaluation. She earned her Ph.D. at the University of California, Irvine, USA. Her research interests include fear of crime, juvenile justice, corrections, crime policy, and program evaluation. She currently is part of the evaluation team for the Florida Faith and Community-Based Delinquency Treatment Initiative (FCBDTI). Susan Turner is a Professor of Criminology, Law and Society and Associate Director of the Center for Evidence-Based Corrections at the University of California, Irvine (UCI). Before joining UCI in 2005, Dr. Turner was a senior behavioral scientist at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, Calif., USA for over 20 years. She has led a variety of research projects, including studies on racial disparity, field experiments on private sector alternatives for serious juvenile offenders, work release, day fines and a 14-site evaluation of intensive supervision probation. Dr. Turner’s areas of expertise include the design and implementation of randomized field experiments and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Dr. Turner has conducted a number of evaluations of drug courts, including a nationwide implementation study. Her article, “A Decade of Drug Treatment Court Research” (2002) appeared in Substance Use and Misuse, summarizing over 10 years of drug court research conducted while she was at the RAND Corporation. Dr. Turner is a member of the American Society of Criminology, the American Probation and Parole Association, and is a Fellow of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. Terry Fain is a senior project manager in the Behavioral Sciences Department at the RAND Corporation. He has extensive research experience in criminal justice and substance abuse. He is expert in computer statistical techniques, as well as in managing large datasets. He has conducted analyses for many RAND projects and is author or co-author of numerous publications, both from RAND and in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include alternatives to incarceration, substance abuse and treatment, racial disparities in prison admissions, and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Amber Sehgal has more than 10 years of experience defining evaluation parameters; identifying available data and sources of information; developing data tracking systems; overseeing data collection; supervising field staff; acting as a liaison between RAND and clients; and assisting in data analysis and report writing. Recent Public Safety and Justice projects include evaluation programs under the Challenge I Grant (Ventura County), Challenge II Grant (Orange County), Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act (Ventura County and Los Angeles County) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Ventura County). A current RAND Health project studies the impact of city parks on physical health. 相似文献
Amber SehgalEmail: |
Jodi Lane is Associate Professor in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at the University of Florida (UF), USA. She was a criminal justice policy analyst for the RAND Corporation before joining the faculty at UF and was the onsite project coordinator for the South Oxnard Challenge Project (SOCP) evaluation. She earned her Ph.D. at the University of California, Irvine, USA. Her research interests include fear of crime, juvenile justice, corrections, crime policy, and program evaluation. She currently is part of the evaluation team for the Florida Faith and Community-Based Delinquency Treatment Initiative (FCBDTI). Susan Turner is a Professor of Criminology, Law and Society and Associate Director of the Center for Evidence-Based Corrections at the University of California, Irvine (UCI). Before joining UCI in 2005, Dr. Turner was a senior behavioral scientist at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, Calif., USA for over 20 years. She has led a variety of research projects, including studies on racial disparity, field experiments on private sector alternatives for serious juvenile offenders, work release, day fines and a 14-site evaluation of intensive supervision probation. Dr. Turner’s areas of expertise include the design and implementation of randomized field experiments and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Dr. Turner has conducted a number of evaluations of drug courts, including a nationwide implementation study. Her article, “A Decade of Drug Treatment Court Research” (2002) appeared in Substance Use and Misuse, summarizing over 10 years of drug court research conducted while she was at the RAND Corporation. Dr. Turner is a member of the American Society of Criminology, the American Probation and Parole Association, and is a Fellow of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. Terry Fain is a senior project manager in the Behavioral Sciences Department at the RAND Corporation. He has extensive research experience in criminal justice and substance abuse. He is expert in computer statistical techniques, as well as in managing large datasets. He has conducted analyses for many RAND projects and is author or co-author of numerous publications, both from RAND and in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include alternatives to incarceration, substance abuse and treatment, racial disparities in prison admissions, and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Amber Sehgal has more than 10 years of experience defining evaluation parameters; identifying available data and sources of information; developing data tracking systems; overseeing data collection; supervising field staff; acting as a liaison between RAND and clients; and assisting in data analysis and report writing. Recent Public Safety and Justice projects include evaluation programs under the Challenge I Grant (Ventura County), Challenge II Grant (Orange County), Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act (Ventura County and Los Angeles County) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Ventura County). A current RAND Health project studies the impact of city parks on physical health. 相似文献
138.
Heather A. Turner David Finkelhor Richard Ormrod 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(7):861-876
This paper identifies factors that predict children’s use of counseling services within a 2-year period. Using two waves of
data from a national survey of 1009 youth age 6–17, we describe differences in utilization by demographic characteristics
and compare receipt of counseling between children who scored high versus lower on: (1) levels of mental health symptoms,
(2) multiple victimization exposure; (3) levels of delinquency; and (4) parent–child conflict. Multivariate logistic regressions
were also performed to examine the relative and independent effects of a these factors on receiving counseling. Results indicate
that counseling was received by only one- quarter or less of the 10–17 year olds and one-third or less of the 6–9 year olds
with the highest levels of symptoms, victimization or delinquency. For the 10–17 year olds, delinquency and parent–child conflict
were better predictors of treatment than were mental health symptoms or victimization exposure. In contrast, younger children
(age 6–9) were most likely to receive counseling if they lived in a single parent or stepfamily household. The findings suggest
that more counseling should be made available to distressed and victimized children, particularly those who do not engage
in high delinquency and conflict which tend to promote referral.
Heather A. Turner is Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire. She is interested in the impact of the social environment on mental health. Her current research projects focus on the prevalence and outcomes of juvenile victimization, the long-term and cumulative effects of childhood adversity on the mental health of adults, stress and mental health among single mothers, and the role of social capital in the stress process. David Finkelhor is Director of Crimes against Children Research Center, Co-Director of the Family Research Laboratory and Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire. He has been studying the problems of child victimization, child maltreatment and family violence since 1977. He is well known for his conceptual and empirical work on the problem of child sexual abuse, reflected in publications such as Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse (Sage 1986) and Nursery Crimes (Sage 1988). He has also written about child homicide, missing and abducted children, children exposed to domestic and peer violence and other forms of family violence. In his recent work, he has tried to unify and integrate knowledge about all the diverse forms of child victimization in a field he has termed Developmental Victimology. He is editor and author of 11 books and over 150 journal articles and book chapters. He has received grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, and the US Department of Justice, and a variety of other sources. In 1994, he was given the Distinguished Child Abuse Professional Award by the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, in 2004 he was given the Significant Achievement Award from the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, and in 2005 he and his colleagues received the Child Maltreatment Article of the Year award. Richard Ormrod is a Research Professor at the Crimes against Children Research Center (CCRC) at the University of New Hampshire. At CCRC, he has been primarily involved in investigating patterns and dynamics of juvenile crime victimizations, exploring crime data residing in a number of important sources such as the NCVS, the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Professor Ormrod holds an undergraduate and masters degree from Arizona State University and a doctorate from the Pennsylvania State University. In addition to his present position at CCRC, he is Professor Emeritus at the University of Northern Colorado and a former chair of its Geography Department. Dr. Ormrod’s work with Dr. David Finkelhor, Professor of Sociology at UNH and director of the CCRC, continues a professional history of fruitful research collaboration with social scientists in a variety of fields. 相似文献
Heather A. TurnerEmail: |
Heather A. Turner is Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire. She is interested in the impact of the social environment on mental health. Her current research projects focus on the prevalence and outcomes of juvenile victimization, the long-term and cumulative effects of childhood adversity on the mental health of adults, stress and mental health among single mothers, and the role of social capital in the stress process. David Finkelhor is Director of Crimes against Children Research Center, Co-Director of the Family Research Laboratory and Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire. He has been studying the problems of child victimization, child maltreatment and family violence since 1977. He is well known for his conceptual and empirical work on the problem of child sexual abuse, reflected in publications such as Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse (Sage 1986) and Nursery Crimes (Sage 1988). He has also written about child homicide, missing and abducted children, children exposed to domestic and peer violence and other forms of family violence. In his recent work, he has tried to unify and integrate knowledge about all the diverse forms of child victimization in a field he has termed Developmental Victimology. He is editor and author of 11 books and over 150 journal articles and book chapters. He has received grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, and the US Department of Justice, and a variety of other sources. In 1994, he was given the Distinguished Child Abuse Professional Award by the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, in 2004 he was given the Significant Achievement Award from the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, and in 2005 he and his colleagues received the Child Maltreatment Article of the Year award. Richard Ormrod is a Research Professor at the Crimes against Children Research Center (CCRC) at the University of New Hampshire. At CCRC, he has been primarily involved in investigating patterns and dynamics of juvenile crime victimizations, exploring crime data residing in a number of important sources such as the NCVS, the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Professor Ormrod holds an undergraduate and masters degree from Arizona State University and a doctorate from the Pennsylvania State University. In addition to his present position at CCRC, he is Professor Emeritus at the University of Northern Colorado and a former chair of its Geography Department. Dr. Ormrod’s work with Dr. David Finkelhor, Professor of Sociology at UNH and director of the CCRC, continues a professional history of fruitful research collaboration with social scientists in a variety of fields. 相似文献
139.
140.