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191.
The second-order character of past European elections is a well-established hypothesis with respect to voter turnout and voting behaviour. This paper presents a conceptual framework for testing this hypothesis on the supply side of European elections. It includes three groups of indicators allowing for the comparison of national and European election manifestos to determine the latter's second-order nature: (1) resource allocation, measured by the number of actors involved in manifesto adoption and by the manifestos' length; (2) the manifestos' content, comparing issue congruence and framing; and (3) political competition, measured by the ideological distance between manifestos. Building on this, we analyse the manifestos of all relevant German parties in the 2009 European and national elections using Comparative Manifesto Project data as well as original, self-created data on election manifestos. We find major variations between parties which can neither be explained by government participation nor satisfaction with the European Union. 相似文献
192.
Abstract This article examines the relationship between receipt of different types of rental housing assistance and housing outcomes for households with children. We rely on the 1989 American Housing Survey (AHS) and a special data supplement that attempted to accurately categorize every assisted renter‐occupied address in the AHS sample as either public housing; privately owned, federally assisted housing; or certificates and vouchers. Housing outcomes examined are physical condition of the unit, crowding, affordability, perceived neighborhood quality, and crime. We analyze three research questions: (1) Do the characteristics of households enrolled in housing programs differ by program type? (2) Do housing outcomes differ with the type of assistance received? (3) Do differences in household characteristics account for observed differences in program outcomes? The analysis suggests that the housing assistance system channels different types of households with children into different housing programs. The least disadvantaged households are most likely to end up in privately owned assisted stock, while the most disadvantaged end up in public housing. The most notable interprogram difference in housing outcomes relates to neighborhood quality. In contrast to other forms of rental assistance, residence in public housing is associated with a decline in neighborhood quality. This result holds even after controlling for household characteristics and geographic location of the unit. 相似文献
193.
Arbel Reout Maciejewski Dominique F. Ben-Yehuda Mor Shnaider Sandra Benari Bar Benita Moti 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2022,51(8):1636-1652
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Research has not adequately addressed a possible mutual co-regulatory influence of prosocial and aggressive behaviors in adolescents’ daily lives. This... 相似文献
194.
A novel ring-substituted methamphetamine regioisomer, N,alpha,4-trimethyl phenmethylamine, was synthesized in order to study the validity of proposed structures for various mass spectrometry (MS)-derived peaks in a methamphetamine fragmentation pattern. While other research efforts have studied aspects of methamphetamine in detail, a full fragmentation study has not been reported previously. In addition to showing molecular structures represented by fragment peaks, mechanisms for selected processes are detailed. An empirically derived procedure to easily determine by simple spectral peak pattern recognition the geometry of dimethyl- or ethyl-substituted immonium ions (RRC = N+ RR) where m/z = 58 is outlined. These results are platform independent for electron ionization (EI) instruments, but have also proven to be helpful in explaining spectral peaks observed in spectra from ion trap systems. The spectrum for the synthesized methamphetamine regioisomer was accurately predicted using this methodology. While this approach is useful in some casework, the converse may be more useful: when an unexpected or unusual peak pattern arises in a spectrum, being able to analyze it to determine the structure of the molecule. This paper gives an analyst the means to begin such retro-synthetic analyses. 相似文献
195.
Lyungai F. Mbilinyi Jeffrey L. Edleson Annelies K. Hagemeister Sandra K. Beeman 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(5):309-317
This article presents results of a study examining what happens to children when domestic violence is committed against their
mothers. While many investigations have pointed to child exposure to violence in homes where women are battered, few have
examined direct reports about what happens to children when adult domestic violence occurs. This study collected direct reports
from mothers on real-life events and was designed to go beyond earlier research by eliciting information on a larger array
of family and contextual factors that may account for variation in mother’s and their children’s direct and indirect exposure
to violence within the same home. Anonymous telephone interviews with 111 battered mothers in four metropolitan areas across
the United States elicited detailed information from women on the violence against them and their children. Findings confirm
the seriousness of co-occurring mother and child exposure to violence. The research also revealed that women and children
were often injured while trying to protect each other from the abuser. The article concludes by recommending further enhancing
collaboration between child protection and battered women’s services; augmenting prevention and early intervention services
to families experiencing adult domestic violence; and focusing on protecting and increasing the safety of both children and their battered mothers.
相似文献
Jeffrey L. EdlesonEmail: |
196.
197.
Sandra Fredman 《European Law Journal》2006,12(1):41-60
Abstract: This article argues that in developing social rights to counterbalance economic freedoms, the EU has begun to reformulate traditional notions of rights. Instead of creating rights in their traditional individualised, negative, judicially enforceable, and fault-based form, a new proactive model is emerging, which aims at institutional change, based on the notion of the active citizen and the centrality of participation in both rule formation and enforcement. It is argued that while this model has important advantages, its weakness lies in its dependence on political will. The challenge is therefore to ensure that proactive strategies are firmly centred on fundamental rights rather than political discretion. Part I briefly sketches the development of social rights in the EU; Part II examines the applicability of Third Way ideology; Part III considers European employment strategy and gender mainstreaming, asking whether they represent a dynamic new manifestation of fundamental rights at work, or a betrayal. Part IV applies a similar evaluation to the EU Charter. 相似文献
198.
Cecilia Casanueva Sandra L. Martin Desmond K. Runyan Richard P. Barth Robert H. Bradley 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(6):413-427
Children are overrepresented in households with intimate-partner violence (IPV), and many suffer the double burden of being
the subject of maltreatment and bearing the consequences of abuse to their mothers. Despite this situation, little information
exists concerning parenting by women who have been abused by an intimate partner. We examine the relationship between women’s
experiences with IPV and the quality of maternal parenting using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being.
The sample consisted of 1,943 female caregivers of children younger than 10 years investigated for child maltreatment. Women
who had experienced IPV in the past but were no longer victims of IPV had significantly better parenting scores than women
who were currently experiencing IPV, when other risk factors were controlled. This study adds to the evidence that IPV does
not necessarily impair maternal parenting. Women abused by an intimate partner deserve a thorough assessment of what services
they need: parenting services should be offered as warranted on a case-by-case evaluation of the particular woman’s parenting
skills. 相似文献
199.
200.
Wives’ Relative Income and Marital Quality in Urban China: The Role of Perceived Equity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The debate over the association between wives?? relative income (WRI) and marital quality remain controversial in the west; however, this important research area has been surprisingly under-studied against the backdrop of the fast socioeconomic transition in contemporary China. Using 763 urban Chinese wives, this study examined both the mediating and the moderating role of perceived equity between WRI and marital quality. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that urban Chinese wives?? relative income had a negative impact on their marital happiness and a positive impact on marital instability to a small extent. The mediating role of perceived equity was not supported in this study; however, perceived equity could buffer the positive effect of wives?? relative income on marital instability, especially for higher-earning wives. This study contributes to understanding wives?? socioeconomic resources and marital quality from an equity perspective in the Chinese context and generates implications for cross-cultural research on perceived equity. It also serves for marital counseling on improving higher-earning wives?? perception of fairness as well as family?Cfriendly policy making. 相似文献