EU-Libya Cooperation on Migration: A Raw Deal for Refugees and Migrants?

Libya's emergence as a key jumping-off point for entry intoEurope by sea has created a sense of urgency within the EU,which seeks to prevent arrivals from this new point of departure,and has led to the initiation of EU–Libya cooperationon migration. This article argues that the EU is failing toadopt an integrated approach to migration management in Libya,despite its repeated assurances to the contrary. It examinesEU–Libya cooperation, still in its early stages, and analysesthe experiences of refugees and migrants in Libya and on theirjourneys to Europe. Both elements strongly indicate that thecurrent approach, which focuses on border control and surveillance,is likely to meet with limited success in achieving the EU'saims of stemming the flow of irregular migrants arriving fromLibya in Italy and Malta, protecting the human rights of thosein transit and ensuring humanitarian outcomes for them.     

Bureaucratic Resistance to International Intelligence Cooperation – The Case of Europol

Abstract

This article analyses the gap between government ambitions and actual outcomes in the case of European counter terrorism intelligence cooperation. Specifically, it investigates why Europol has not managed to live up to its tasks despite outspoken government support. Drawing on rational choice institutionalism, the study suggests why bureaucrats might be motivated to resist calls for international cooperation. By examining the process by which Europol has developed as an actor in the counter terrorism field, this article shows how development in the field of intelligence cooperation is not exclusively the reflection of government preferences. It concludes by suggesting that scholars could gain greater insight from a less state centric approach to the study of intelligence. In addition, the article suggests that policy makers cultivate a greater familiarity with bureaucratic factors and that they continually work with those factors in mind.     

Zum grundbücherlichen Richtigkeitsgebot und seiner amtswegigen Verwirklichung (§ 28 LiegTeilG) (1. Teil)

Die übereinstimmung zwischen Grundbuch, Kataster und Realit?t liegt im Schnittpunkt zwischen Gesetzgebung und ?konomie im ?ffentlichen Interesse. Im LiegTeilG, sohin an unvermuteter Stelle, ist ein Verfahren zur amtswegigen Verwirklichung dieses Kongruenzprinzips normiert, dessen prozessuales Instrumentarium durch auch jüngste Gesetzgebungsakte direkt und indirekt deformiert worden ist. Diese Abhandlung untersucht, ob die ursprünglich verfolgten gesetzgeberischen Intentionen zur Herstellung der Grundbuchsordnung auf der geltenden Rechtslage im judikativen Weg gem §§ 6 f ABGB revitalisierbar sind oder ob es zu deren Reanimation eines legistischen Eingriffs bedarf.     

Asymmetric federalism: Are federated micro-regions viable?

Federated micro-regions are constituent units of federations having a maximum population of 300,000. Many are ethnically based. Although not larger than cities, these 55 territories are, constitutionally speaking, equal entities of their federations and have in some instances even shaped their own foreign policy. This article provides an analysis of their ability to withstand structural constraints and take advantage of the opportunities which smallness offers. In the first part, it discusses problems related to economies of scale and identifies a trend to establish new rather than merge existing federated micro-regions. The second part highlights external relations activities of some federated micro-regions and explains their partly pragmatic, partly political motivation.     

Next generation engagement: Setting a research agenda for community engagement in Australia's infrastructure sector

The global infrastructure sector is thriving. But community opposition to major projects is also rising. Australian examples demonstrate the policy backflips, reputational pitfalls, and financial costs of project delays and cancellations. Failures to engage communities are surprising, given the widespread adoption of community engagement (CE) principles and the increasing professionalization of CE roles. If acceptance of the need for CE in infrastructure is more widespread than ever, why are we not seeing smoother project delivery, reduced protest, and cost savings? This paradox is the driving force behind the Next Generation Engagement project. This article offers a practitioners’ perspective to introduce the project and present key findings from its 12‐month pilot study aiming to establish a transdisciplinary, industry‐led research agenda for CE in Australia's infrastructure sector. The article contributes to our understanding of CE literature and research codesign. It maps out the top five priority themes for future research to support infrastructure selection, planning and delivery. The research agenda provides guidance for policy, and practice, offering consolidated, research‐based insights for policymakers and practitioners.     

Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles

Self‐driving cars (also known as driverless cars, autonomous vehicles, and highly automated vehicles [HAVs]) will change the regulatory, political, and ethical frameworks surrounding motor vehicles. At the highest levels of automation, HAVs are operated by independent machine agents, making decisions without the direct intervention of humans. The current transportation system assumes human intervention though, including legal and moral responsibilities of human operators. Has the development of these artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous system (AS) technologies outpaced the ethical and political conversations? This paper examines discussions of HAVs, driver responsibility, and technology failure to highlight the differences between how the policy‐making institutions in the United States (Congress and the Public Administration) and technology and transportation experts are or are not speaking about responsibility in the context of autonomous systems technologies. We report findings from a big data analysis of corpus‐level documents to find that enthusiasm for HAVs has outpaced other discussions of the technology.     

Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being,Stressful Life Events and Emotion-Driven Impulsiveness in European Adolescents

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Knowing the extent to which mental well-being and stressful life events during adolescence contribute to personality characteristics related to risk-taking...     

Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation

The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil servants. We specify two complementary mechanisms underlying these relationships: that is, a sensemaking process whereby the perceived meaning and relative salience of distinct groups and interests changes over time; and a shift in bureaucrats' discretion to represent specific groups or interests changes over time. We illustrate these time-dependent processes using interview and survey data from the European Commission.     

Voraussetzungen des Auskunftsanspruchs bei Vermögensverschweigung bzw -verheimlichung sowie der Stufenklage nach Art XLII EGZPO

Nach Art XLII Abs 1 Fall 2 EGZPO kann derjenige, der von der Verheimlichung oder Verschweigung eines Verm?gens vermutlich Kenntnis hat, auch ohne Bestand anderer materieller Verpflichtungen von jedem, der ein privatrechtliches Interesse an der Ermittlung des Verm?gens hat, auf eidliche Angabe seines Wissens über Art, H?he und Verbleib dieses Verm?gens in Anspruch genommen werden. Diese Bestimmung schafft im Gegensatz zu Art XLII Abs 1 Fall 1 EGZPO einen eigenen privatrechtlichen Anspruch auf Angabe des Verm?gens. Der Zweck der Bestimmung liegt darin, Informationsdefizite auszugleichen und die erfolgreiche Anspruchsverfolgung zu erm?glichen. Verm?gen ist jeder Aktivwert, der Gegenstand einer Leistungsklage sein kann. Das Verschweigen bzw Verheimlichen von Verm?gen setzt kein strafbares oder deliktisches Verhalten voraus; das von der Rsp geforderte aktive Verhalten, das bezweckt zu verhindern, dass Verm?gen in die Verfügung des Kl?gers gelangt, muss nicht unbedingt vom Beklagten gesetzt werden. Das geforderte privatrechtliche Interesse ist jedenfalls dann gegeben, wenn der Kl?ger über das zu manifestierende Verm?gen im Unklaren ist, die Angabe über die Verm?gensverschweigung oder -verheimlichung aber braucht, um einen gesetzlichen oder vertraglichen Hauptanspruch geltend machen zu k?nnen. Eine Klageführung nach Art XLII Abs 1 Fall 1 EGZPO ist wegen der unterschiedlichen Mittel und Ziele von vornherein nicht subsidi?r zu einem Vorgehen nach §§ 99 ff KO. Das endgültige Ziel einer Stufenklage nach Art XLII Abs 3 EGZPO ist die Zahlung eines sich aufgrund der Rechnungslegung ergebenden Geldbetrags; die in erster Stufe geforderten Offenlegungen haben hiezu Hilfscharakter. Die zu § 1409 ABGB ergangene Rsp, wonach der übernehmer eines Verm?gens infolge des gesetzlichen Schuldbeitritts neben dem ursprünglichen Schuldner nur für die Erfüllung von Geldverpflichtungen haftet, verhindert nicht, dass der übernehmer – damit seine Haftung überhaupt effektuiert werden kann – auch die mit der Geldverpflichtung in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang stehenden Offenlegungsverpflichtungen erfüllt.