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981.
Few studies have examined how school characteristics are associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine
the student- and school-level characteristics associated with being overweight and obese among 12,049 students in grades 9
and 10 (junior students) attending 76 secondary schools in Ontario, Canada. The sample was 49.2% female and the average age was 14.7 years. Overall,
15.0% of the sample was considered overweight and 6.3% of the sample was considered obese. Multi-level regression analysis
revealed significant between-school random variation for the likelihood of a junior student (grade 9 or 10) being overweight
or obese. For each 1% increase in the prevalence of obese senior students (grade 11 and 12) at a school, the odds of a junior
student at that school being overweight or obese increased significantly. Important student-level characteristics included
physical activity, screen time sedentary behaviour (e.g., watching television), participation in varsity sports and gender.
Future research should evaluate if the optimal population level impact for school-based obesity prevention programming might
be achieved by targeting the schools that are putting students at the greatest risk. 相似文献
982.
Newman WJ Holt BW Rabun JS Phillips G Scott CL 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(2):300-121
Child sex tourism, the act of traveling to engage in sexual acts with minors, plagues developing nations worldwide. Several laws have been passed internationally in recent years designed to curtail this practice. Government entities and human rights organizations have driven these efforts. United States citizens represent a significant proportion of participants in child sex tourism. The PROTECT Act of 2003 prohibits United States citizens from participating in sexual acts with minors while traveling, and establishes extraterritorial jurisdiction. The case of Michael Lewis Clark, the first United States citizen convicted under this legislation, is highlighted. Child sex tourism poses unique issues to courts that will require ongoing clarification as challenges arise. This article discusses potential future challenges, describes strategies to address this problem, and relates this issue to psychiatry. Mental health providers may have the role of evaluating both the victims and perpetrators of child sex tourism. The authors propose a classification system for offenses and an initial list of topics to discuss with victims. The authors also describe the proper mechanism for reporting United States citizens suspected of participating in child sex tourism. 相似文献
983.
Harmon M. Hosch Scott E. Culhane Kevin W. Jolly Rosa M. Chavez Leslie H. Shaw 《Law and human behavior》2011,35(2):127-142
Two studies tested the impact of an alibi witness’s relationship to a defendant on the perceived credibility of that witness.
In the first study, 291 mock jurors estimated the frequency with which individuals would invent alibis, the frequency they
themselves would do so, and the frequency of interpersonal contact among individuals of varying relationships. The degree
of relationship between an alibi witness and a defendant remained a predictor of witness credibility when contact frequency
was controlled. In the second study, 512 mock jurors were randomly assigned to case scenarios. Skepticism toward witnesses
who are biologically or affinally related to a defendant was greater than skepticism toward a socially linked witness. Both
studies supported predications from kinship theory and reciprocal altruism. 相似文献
984.
985.
An unexplored explanation for police opinion about their use of unnecessary force can be framed within the research examining
police behavior in the context of its geographic location. Using Klinger’s (1997) theory of social ecology as a guide, a vignette research design was employed to survey officers in four departments of varying
size and structure. It was hypothesized that officers assigned to higher crime areas would more likely accept the use of unnecessary
force by another officer as well as be unlikely to believe that the use of unnecessary force would be reported to a supervisor.
Bivariate results and multivariate analyses show support for both hypotheses. Implications for future research and theoretical
development are discussed. 相似文献
986.
Scott D. Easton Carol Coohey Patrick O’leary Ying Zhang Lei Hua 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(1):41-50
The study examined whether and how characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and disclosure influenced three dimensions of
psychosexual functioning—emotional, behavioral and evaluative—during adulthood. The sample included 165 adults who were sexually
abused as children. The General Estimating Equation was used to test the relationship among the predictors, moderators and
five binary outcomes: fear of sex and guilt during sex (emotional dimension), problems with touch and problems with sexual
arousal (behavioral), and sexual satisfaction (evaluative). Respondents who were older when they were first abused, injured,
had more than one abuser, said the abuse was incest, and told someone about the abuse were more likely to experience problems
in at least one area of psychosexual functioning. Older children who told were more likely than younger children who told
to fear sex and have problems with touch during adulthood. Researchers and practitioners should consider examining multiple
dimensions of psychosexual functioning and potential moderators, such as response to disclosure. 相似文献
987.
In this article, we begin to respond to the deceptively simple question: How do cause lawyers decide when and where to litigate on behalf of their cause? We consider the choice of location and timing faced by cause lawyers when more than one jurisdiction evinces a suitable legal environment for pursuing litigation on their cause. To consider this choice, we use evidence from the timing and actions of cause lawyers in the marriage equality cases in the United States from January 1990 through December 2004. And, we show the value in utilizing methods that are relatively novel in cause lawyering research—statistical models—to consider the apparent commonalities, beyond a suitable legal environment, across locations and time periods that might prompt cause lawyers into action. 相似文献
988.
David Scott 《Asia Europe Journal》2014,12(1-2):21-34
This article looks at matters of trust, of structures and of dialogue in the European Union (EU)-China relations. It argues that EU-China relations need resetting given the increasingly negative perceptions of China in Europe and given Chinese dissatisfaction with what it considers to be a degree of EU incoherence, incompetence and inconsistencies. Their ‘strategic partnership’ proclaimed in 2003 in many ways is rather empty and lacks much coordination of diplomacy. Their economic relationship while substantial is problematic and asymmetric in nature. However, restructuring the relationship through new dialogue mechanisms and agreements may resettle their relationship along more pragmatic functional grounds. In particular, the creation in 2012 of a third High Level Dialogue, at Track-2 rather than Track-1 level, that of People-to-People (PPD), may reduce the ‘trust deficit’ in the still longer term. Consequently, the article seeks to contextualize and evaluate the rhetoric and substance surrounding the various dialogue meetings and structures emerging in 2012. It also considers the progress, or perhaps lack of progress, on concluding a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA). It concludes that one way forward is to de-politicize the partnership. 相似文献
989.
The Second Reform Act ushered in the age of democratic politics in the United Kingdom by expanding the voting franchise and remedying legislative malapportionment. Analyzing parliamentary debates and divisions, we investigate why reform successfully passed the House of Commons in 1867. We consider why reform passed under a minority Conservative government yet failed under a majority Liberal government despite no election or change in membership. Though partisanship is most influential for parliamentary voting, it is an incomplete explanation given the absence of modern party institutions. Rather, we argue that the narrowed scope of debate under the Conservatives was crucial in passing reform. 相似文献
990.
Scott A. Fritzen Søren Serritzlew Gert Tinggaard Svendsen 《Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis》2014,16(2):117-120
Abstract Corruption and trust are two important determinants of the quality of public sectors. Empirical studies in different literatures suggest that corruption and trust have effects on factors such as economic growth, the quality of democratic institutions, life quality, the size and effectiveness of the public sector and much more. The purpose of this special issue – one that goes to the heart of the comparative policy ethos which is central to the journal's mission – is to draw on a number of country examples to shed light on the state of the literature on the connection between corruption and trust. The aim is to show that these two concepts are highly relevant to each other, and that their interconnections are important to understand the public sector consequences of corruption and trust. By focusing on these concepts, we hope that this special issue can pave the road for further comparative research. 相似文献