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排序方式: 共有271条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Uhrenholt L Freeman MD Jurik AG Jensen LL Gregersen M Boel LW Kohles SS Thomsen AH 《Forensic science international》2011,206(1-3):e52-e57
Neck injuries resulting from motor vehicle collisions (MVC), often referred to as whiplash trauma and injury, often demonstrate little or no evidence of significant tissue damage. In rare instances, however, serious injury to the anterior neck organ injuries can result from such trauma. The present study describes esophageal injury associated with rear-impact collisions, based on a unique case report, review of the scientific literature and a query in the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) database of the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Medline search and present case study totaled five cases of rear-impact collision-related serious esophageal injury (laceration or rupture). In the four published cases all patients survived, whereas in the presented case study, the patient died due to mediastinitis and sepsis. The NASS query revealed an additional three cases out of a total of 55,926 investigated crashes. All three cases were associated with fatalities. Although no anatomical or bioengineering studies have presented data on the behavior of the esophagus during rear-impact whiplash loading, sudden tensile and/or compressive forces is the likely explanation of injury, often in combination with a local fracture of a vertebral body. In these 8 cases significant esophageal injury carried a substantial (50%) risk of mortality. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for significant complications in the whiplash trauma-exposed patient who complains of chest pain, mid-thoracic pain, discomfort in the neck and throat, respiratory distress, or hoarseness. For those forensic specialists involved in whiplash cases these study results highlight the need to consider esophageal injuries as a rare but potential consequence of whiplash trauma. 相似文献
194.
Leat N Ehrenreich L Benjeddou M Cloete K Davison S 《Forensic science international》2007,168(2-3):154-161
The objective of the present study was to examine the properties of a set of single-copy Y-STR loci to assess their suitability for forensic casework in three South African populations. Three criteria were used to select markers for assessment. Firstly, the single-copy markers of the minimal haplotype were selected based on their established use in forensic studies. Secondly, 8 markers were selected on the basis of high gene diversity values reported for several population studies, and thirdly 19 markers were chosen from a survey of Y-chromosome sequence with selections made primarily on the basis of the number of repeated elements present. Samples were typed from 101 English-speaking Caucasians, 88 Xhosa individuals and 77 Asian Indians. Gene diversity values, the number of alleles identified and the average stutter was determined for each locus. 相似文献
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Research suggests that merit amicus curiae participation correlateswith Supreme Court decision making and that states make frequentand effective use of this tool. To date, however, no study hasadequately examined the relationship between state amicus participationand the federalism values reflected in the Court's decisions.This article dev"Lelops and finds evidence for the assertionthat, when they cooperate in the amicus process, state participationis associated with an increase in the likelihood of rulingsfavoring state rather than national government power. 相似文献
197.
Sean Richey 《Political Behavior》2007,29(1):69-88
In this study I examine whether an innovative government program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in increasing the
level of generalized interpersonal trust in the community by rewarding civic participation by local citizens. Japan has sponsored
the development of a number of “community currency” programs at the local level that are designed to create social capital.
A community currency is a local “money” that is only useable within a neighborhood or town. In a typical community currency
program, a town rewards civic volunteers with credits to barter with other citizens, use at participating stores, or pay for
town services. These programs are specifically designed to stimulate generalized trust by rewarding civic engagement and encouraging
social interaction. I evaluate whether the new Tekona community currency program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in
raising levels of trust among participants, as compared to a randomly selected control group of town residents. I find that
community currency involvement increases general trust, which demonstrates that it is possible to institute government programs
that create social capital.
相似文献
Sean RicheyEmail: |
198.
Substantial variation in national crime rates suggests social structure and cultural context influence offending and victimization. Several prominent criminological theories anticipate a positive association between the prevalence of cash in a society and its rates of pecuniary crime. We examined the association between one form of “cashlessness” and national robbery rates across nations (n = 67), controlling for several structural covariates of national crime rates. We obtained data on robbery from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and data on government-based cashlessness from the Global Financial Inclusion Database. We found nations with higher levels of government-based cashlessness had lower robbery rates (β = ?.41, p = .02). We also undertook several sensitivity analyses, including tests for a relationship with commercial cashlessness and for crimes like homicide and burglary. Our results suggest technological advancements that reduce cash in a society may have implications for a nation’s robbery rates. 相似文献
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