The Production of Social Science Knowledge beyond Occidentalism: the quest for a post-exotic anthropology

This article makes the case for a post-exotic anthropology as an alternative disciplinary practice adapted to the emerging historical conjuncture that is reconfiguring the political and epistemic relations between different parts of the world. This is raising anew a legitimation challenge to mainstream social sciences but especially academic anthropology, as its a practice is still characterised by a chronic exoticist inflection thanks to its allegiance to the epistemology of Occidentalism. The article calls for a revision of anthropology's geo-theoretical premises in light of an emergent post-exotic historical conjuncture, which entails the abandonment of the duopoly exercised by the epistemic regimes of postmodernism and postcolonialism, in favour of a post-exotic standpoint. It suggests the adoption of mesography as the optimum means of operationalising a post-exotic anthropology as well as an alternative mode of social science knowledge production. Finally, it proposes an ethic of reciprocity to rectify the extractive fieldwork practices that sustain the illiberal politics of interpretation of academic anthropology.     

Privacy,trust and policy-making: Challenges and responses

The authors contend that the emerging ubiquitous Information Society (aka ambient intelligence, pervasive computing, ubiquitous networking and so on) will raise many privacy and trust issues that are context dependent. These issues will pose many challenges for policy-makers and stakeholders because people's notions of privacy and trust are different and shifting. People's attitudes towards privacy and protecting their personal data can vary significantly according to differing circumstances. In addition, notions of privacy and trust are changing over time. The authors provide numerous examples of the challenges facing policy-makers and identify some possible responses, but they see a need for improvements in the policy-making process in order to deal more effectively with varying contexts. They also identify some useful policy-making tools. They conclude that the broad brush policies of the past are not likely to be adequate to deal with the new challenges and that we are probably entering an era that will require development of “micro-policies”. While the new technologies will pose many challenges, perhaps the biggest challenge of all will be to ensure coherence of these micro-policies.     

A new look at equity and outcomes as determinants of satisfaction in close personal relationships

This research reexamined the previously established relation between allocation of resources and satisfaction in close relationships. Using self-report data from two different samples, undergraduate students and married couples, we replicated and extended the procedure employed in past studies to assess the relative strength of equity, equality, and own outcomes as predictors of relationship satisfaction. As expected the two samples differed in the relative strength of the correlates of satisfaction. The married couples revealed different predictors of satisfaction depending upon which of two forms their relationship had taken. Those who reported being in an identity (communal) relationship were most satisfied when they provided high inputs to enhance their partner's outcomes, whereas those in an exchange relation were more responsive to the outcomes they received. The dating students, whether they reported being in an identity or exchange relation, were most satisfied when their own outcomes were maximized. The results also suggested methodological limitations in the earlier studies that had compared the relative association with satisfaction of an unreliable measure of equity with minimal variance and a highly reliable measure of outcomes with considerably greater variance. The previously established strong association between the person's satisfaction and their own outcomes in a close relationship was found to be dependent upon the nature of the sample and the relative reliability of the correlates employed in the regression analyses.     

The effects of common medications on volumetric phallometry

Abstract

Phallometry is a physiological measure of sexual response widely used for the assessment of paedophilia among sexual offenders. Although many medications decrease penile response sufficiently to interfere with sexual intercourse, it is unknown to what extent such medications might interfere with phallometric testing. In the current study, we utilized a naturalistic convenience sample of 1078 men who attended a clinic for assessment of sexual preferences, mostly related to sexual offence convictions. In the present analyses, we quantified the differences in penile response during phallometric assessment associated with taking a range of common medications. Participants on medication typically showed less penile output than participants not taking medications; however, differences were largely accounted for by age rather than by medication status. Though most medications were associated with decreases in penile responsivity during volumetric phallometric testing, such changes were small in absolute terms and appeared to be associated with ageing rather than with the medications themselves.     

Le nouveau management public et la gestion territoriale dans les agglomérations urbaines du Québec

Sommaire: La réforme des institutions métropolitaines est à l'ordre du jour dans la plupart des pays industrialiésAs. Le Québec ne fait pas exception à la règle. Ce texte analyse les problèmes de gestion qui se posent dans les principales agglomérations urbaines du Québec à partir de trois importants rapports portant sur le sujet et publiés au milieu des années 1990. Ces rapports font notamrnent état des problèmes de gestion territoriale dans l'agglomération urbaine de Montréal et dans les cinq autres régions métropolitaines du Québec. Le contenu de ces rapports, et notamment leurs recommandations, sont analysés à la lumière des positions défendues par les principaux acteurs locaw concernés. L'analyse montre que le jeu des acteurs se structure autour de quatre enjew majeurs: les enjeux politico-institutionnels, sociodémographiques, économiques et fiscaux. Si un premier déblocage politique est survenu en juin 1997 dans le cas de l'agglomération montréalaise avec l'adoption de la hi sur la Commission de déeloppement de la métropole, l'intervention du gouvernement du Québec dans ce dossier demeure fort prudente, reflétant en cela la difficulté de concilier les nombrew intérêts en cause. Abstract: The reform of metropolitan institutions is on the agenda of most industrialized countries, and Quebec is no exception. On the basis of three major reports published on this subject in the mid-1!Nos, this publication analyses the management problems faced by major urban centres in Quebec. These reports deal, among other things, with the territorial management problems of the Montreal urban community and five other Quebec metropolitan areas. The content of these reports, and particularly their recommendations, is analysed based on the positions taken by the main local players involved. Analysis shows that there are four major stakes for these players, political-institutional, social-demographic, economic and fiscal. While a first step towards a political solution was taken in June 1997, as regards the Montreal urban community with the passage of the Metro Development Board Act, Quebec government intervention in this matter remains quite cautious, reflecting the difficult task of reconciling the numerous interests involved.