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Increasing Cognitive Load to Facilitate Lie Detection: The Benefit of Recalling an Event in Reverse Order 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In two experiments, we tested the hypotheses that (a) the difference between liars and truth tellers will be greater when interviewees report their stories in reverse order than in chronological order, and (b) instructing interviewees to recall their stories in reverse order will facilitate detecting deception. In Experiment 1, 80 mock suspects told the truth or lied about a staged event and did or did not report their stories in reverse order. The reverse order interviews contained many more cues to deceit than the control interviews. In Experiment 2, 55 police officers watched a selection of the videotaped interviews of Experiment 1 and made veracity judgements. Requesting suspects to convey their stories in reverse order improved police observers' ability to detect deception and did not result in a response bias. 相似文献
265.
Sharon S. Dawes 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1996,15(3):377-394
The sharing of program information among government agencies can help achieve important public benefits: increased productivity; improved policy-making; and integrated public services. Information sharing, however, is often limited by technical, organizational, and political barriers. This study of the attitudes and opinions of state government managers shows that more than 8 in 10 judge information sharing to be moderately to highly beneficial. It also reveals specific concerns about the inherent professional, programmatic, and organizational risks. The study proposes a theoretical model for understanding how policy, practice, and attitudes interact and suggests two policy principles, stewardship and usefulness, to promote the benefits and mitigate the risks of sharing. 相似文献
266.
Passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the US increases demand for nurses and brings health care into the public sphere with all that entails, including public accountability and performance measurement. In the UK’s long-standing national healthcare system, revelations of several years of neglect and poor oversight at one hospital might have contributed to nearly 1,200 deaths. The resulting Francis Report cited, among many factors, undue emphasis on reaching national access targets and balancing budgets for substandard care. Scholars of emotional labor note these trends with interest, because emotional labor is essential to nursing practice. But is emotional labor a universal construct, or is it particular to cultural context? How much can be imported from one study to the next? We compare nurse job stress in individualist and collectivist countries and reveal a statistically significant relationship: The higher a country’s individualism index, the greater the frequency of emotional-labor-demanding job stress. 相似文献
267.
Enhancing democracy via bureaucracy: Senior managers' social identities and motivation for policy change
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This article challenges the depiction of bureaucracy as a hurdle to democratic responsiveness. It proposes that senior civil servants' (SCSs) dual position as professionals and citizens may enhance government permeability to salient public agendas. Building on social identity theory, we argue that salient public agendas may arouse SCSs' social identification with in‐groups and thereby elicit their motivation for policy change within their task domain. Employing a mixed‐methods design, we analyze SCSs' social identification with the participants of the large‐scale social protests that took place in Israel during the summer of 2011, and their motivation for policy change in response to the protest agenda. We find that SCSs' social identification with the protesters enhanced their motivation for policy change. In addition, SCSs' perception of a conflict between responsiveness to the protest agenda and their organizational or professional identities shaped their preferences for policy solutions more than their motivation for policy change. 相似文献
268.
Sznitman SR Dunlop SM Nalkur P Khurana A Romer D 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(2):146-155
Positive school climates and student drug testing have been separately proposed as strategies to reduce student substance
use in high schools. However, the effects of drug testing programs may depend on the favorability of school climates. This
study examined the association between school drug testing programs and student substance use in schools with different climates.
The analysis was based on a nationally representative sample of 943 high school students (48% female) ranging from 14 to 19 years
of age (62% identifying as white, 18% Hispanic, 13% African American, and 7% in other categories). Results showed that both
male and female students in schools with positive climates reported lower levels of personal substance use. Drug testing was
associated with lower levels of personal substance use in positive school climates, but only for female students. There was
no relationship between drug testing and male students’ substance use. The results are discussed in terms of the importance
of considering school climates before implementing drug-testing programs in high schools. 相似文献
269.
Unpacking Acculturation: Cultural Orientations and Educational Attainment Among Mexican-Origin Youth
Given educational risks facing Mexican-origin children of immigrant parents, it is important to understand how aspects of the acculturation process influence Mexican-origin youth's educational success. Drawing from selective assimilation theory, this study examined how cultural orientations across myriad facets of acculturation were associated with the educational attainment of second-generation Mexican immigrant youth. The sample included 755 Mexican-origin youth (50% female) in the "Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study." Results from structural equation models indicated that youth reporting greater facility in the English language and a stronger value on familism attained higher levels of education in young adulthood than did other youth. Parents' U.S. social ties and youth's value on early paid work were associated with less educational attainment. Innovative findings from this study indicate the importance of considering both Mexican and American cultural orientations across myriad facets of acculturation for understanding second-generation immigrant Mexican youth's educational attainment. 相似文献
270.
The current study examined the role of engaged parenting in explaining longitudinal associations between maternal perceptions
of social network support and whether youth engage in delinquent behaviors during the transition into adolescence. The sample
included 432 low-income, African American and Latino youth (49% female) and their mothers participating in “Welfare, Children,
and Families: A Three City Study”. Results from longitudinal SEM analyses demonstrated that social network support was associated
positively with mothers’ engaged parenting as youth transitioned into early adolescence. Engaged parenting, which functioned
as a mediating variable, was associated with less youth delinquency during transitions into middle adolescence. Taken together,
social network supports appeared to facilitate mothers’ abilities to remain engaged with their children and to deter youth
from becoming involved in delinquent behaviors. 相似文献