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51.
Shirley L. Zimmerman 《政策研究评论》1989,8(3):674-688
To rationalize federal cutbacks in spending for public welfare, President Reagan charged that public welfare programs are responsible for leading to a "national tragedy involving family breakdown, teen-age illegitimacy and worsening poverty." Yet analysis of 1980 and 1982 census data for the 50 states suggests that if this is so, it is because of low, not high, spending for public welfare. While low state spending for public welfare is predictive of high teen illegitimacy rates and directly linked to high state poverty and divorce rates, higher state spending for public welfare is predictive of lower teen birth rates, and linked to lower rates of family breakup and poverty. Despite limitations inherent in the analysis, the findings challenge the contention that spending for public welfare contributes to family breakup, teen illegitimacy and poverty. 相似文献
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Shirley E. Kress 《Public Choice》1989,61(2):127-140
The regression results of this paper show that bureaucrats act to maximize both their outputs and their discretionary budgets as predicted by Niskanen for demand constrained conditions. But the evidence does not confirm the Niskanen hypothesis concerning chronic oversupply by bureaus. Further, the evidence here shows that the discretionary budgets of bureaus may not fall to zero as suggested by Niskanen. Instead, it would appear that, given severe budget constraint bureaus may not produce an excess supply of output and may cut costs in an effort to maintain a positive discretionary budget balance. 相似文献
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Identification and quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The most common means of identification of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB) involves using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of a suitable derivative. However, these methods may be complicated by possible shifts in chemical equilibrium between gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), GHB salts and the precursor lactone, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). This paper addresses the technique of proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR) for the direct and accurate identification of GHB and GBL. The application of 1H NMR for GHB quantitation is also discussed. 相似文献
59.
Causes of brain drain and solutions: The Taiwan experience 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chang SL 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1992,27(1):27-43
Over the years, Taiwan has experienced “brain drain”, as more than 80 percent of its students who completed their graduate
study in the United States have failed to return. Instead, they have found their ways into the faculties of American colleges
and universities or employment opportunities in various research organizations and industries.
This article examines brain drain, its origin in Taiwan, and government response. One of the major findings of this study
is that the elite emigration in Taiwan has been caused by a host of complex academic, social, economic, and personal factors.
Second, Taiwan’s brain drain into the United States is primarily a case of “education and migration.” It is an outflow of
college graduates, not an exodus of trained scientists and engineers; therefore, Taiwan’s manpower loss in the short run is
not as serious as the case where mature and experienced scientists and professionals leave. Furthermore, whereas a large number
of college graduates leave each year to study abroad, a much larger number of the graduating class does remain in Taiwan.
To reverse Taiwan’s brain drain, the government of the Republic of China (ROC) has already implemented an ambitious program
to recruit Taiwan’s highly trained talents from overseas. Taiwan’s successful experience could be emulated by other developing
countries.
Shirley L. Chang received her B.A. in Foreign Languages and Literature from National Taiwan University, Master of Library
Science from Columbia University, and M.A. in Higher Education from The Pennsylvania State University. She is Chairman of
the Department of Library Services and Catalog/Reference Librarian at Stevenson Library, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven,
PA 17745. 相似文献
60.
Arias-Rivera Shirley Lorence Bárbara Hidalgo Victoria 《Journal of family violence》2022,37(7):1147-1160
Journal of Family Violence - The aim of this study was to carry out a scoping review to analyze the available evidence regarding parenting skills, family functioning and social support in... 相似文献