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The British Horseracing Board (BHB) cases, with their perceived narrowing of the scope of database right, pointed up the need for those in the information supply business (financial data, sports listings and otherwise) to rely upon more traditional points of law to protect their investments. Subsequent UK litigation with the BHB has examined some of those points – will a contractual restriction be effective if there is no underlying intellectual property right? and, in an interesting twist away from database right itself, how do you determine whether pricing is excessive in assessing abuse under Article 82/Chapter II competition claims? This article, along with a look at the final episode in the original BHB cases, takes up this story. It also considers how the ECJ BHB judgments are being applied elsewhere in Europe, and the Commission's own evaluation of database right launched at the end of 2005. 相似文献
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Dr. Caspar David Hermanns 《Natur und Recht》2007,29(8):533-533
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Maria Cancian Daniel R. Meyer Emma Caspar 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2008,27(2):354-375
In most states, child support paid on behalf of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants is used to offset TANF and child support administrative expenditures; this policy primarily benefits taxpayers. In contrast, Wisconsin allowed most custodial parents to keep all support paid on their behalf. This policy, which treats welfare and child support as complements, was evaluated through an experimental design. This paper reports the key results of the experimental evaluation, using state administrative data to examine the effects on child support outcomes and governmental cost. We find that when custodial mothers keep all child support paid on their behalf, paternity establishment occurs more quickly, noncustodial fathers are more likely to pay support, and custodial families receive more support. These outcomes are achieved at no significant governmental cost. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
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