A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of European drug treatment programmes on reoffending

This article presents the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of treatment programmes for drug abusing offenders in Europe, using stringent eligibility criteria to control for threats to internal validity. A literature search of approximately 37,000 titles revealed 15 sound evaluations from six countries, containing 3953 participants. There were significant positive overall effects of treatment on crime (d=0.47) and illicit drug use (d=0.38). Most evaluations originated from the UK and evaluated primarily substitution therapy-based treatment. Evaluations of other interventions were a minority. Our findings support the use of treatment programmes among substance-abusing offenders. However, these results are limited to a small set of programmes from very few countries. Therefore, sound evaluations on a range of treatments across Europe are needed.     

Honour and expulsion: Terrorism in nineteenth‐century Japan

Case studies of terrorist groups from before 1900 are rare and only a handful have been fully detailed in the terrorism literature. This article describes one such group, the shishi, a radical samurai movement which waged a terrorist campaign in Japan just prior to the Meiji Restoration. Placed in context, the origin, structure and methods of this group are described. Also examined is the profound impact the movement had on Japanese society. It is argued that the study of older terrorist groups warrants greater interest and that a scientific understanding of terrorism depends on the incorporation of such early examples.     

More Than a Glance: Investigating the Differential Efficacy of Radicalizing Graphical Cues with Right-Wing Messages

European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research - In recent years, online radicalization has received increasing attention from researchers and policymakers, for instance, by analyzing online...     

The influence of direct democracy on the shadow economy

We analyze, both theoretically and empirically, the influence of direct democratic institutions on the size and development of shadow economies. Our model suggests that, as the extent of direct democracy increases, implemented fiscal policies more nearly reflect the preferences of citizens and so reduce their incentives to operate in the informal sector. This theory implies a negative relationship between the extent of direct democracy and the size of the country’s shadow economy. We also theorize that direct democracy has a greater effect in reducing the informal sector when the former is at low or intermediate values and when the electoral system is characterized by a larger district magnitude. An empirical investigation of a sample of 57 democracies confirms our model’s predictions.     

制定一部德意志统一民法典之必要性

在不久前发表的一篇评论文章(<海德堡年鉴>1814年卷,第1-32页)中,本人曾就制定德意志统一民法典之必要性附带发表了一些拙见.这让一些值得尊敬的人士敦促我专文对这一重要问题予以更细致的阐述.     

China Investment Corporation’s Forays into Europe and the United States: explaining the different receptions

This study analyses the changing investment climates for China’s sovereign wealth fund, the China Investment Corporation (CIC), in the US, the UK and France. It assesses legislative flexibilities, public opinions and macroeconomic conditions in the three polities in order to ascertain whether the investment review process of each is susceptible to politicization, and if such susceptibility has changed in line with macroeconomic variations. The study finds that the US investment review process is susceptible to politicization and that such politicization has likely taken place following the recovery from the global financial crisis, resulting in a worsened investment climate for Chinese investors, including CIC. The investment review processes in the UK and France have not been susceptible to politicization. Moreover, negative macroeconomic conditions for each of the two countries following the eruption of the Eurozone crisis have resulted in an improved investment climate for CIC, although brought about by the proactive stance of governments and companies rather than by any de-politicization.     

Verspätet gewährte Akteneinsicht als Grundrechtsverletzung

Die Verpflichtung, dem Verfahrenshilfeverteidiger unverzüglich Kopien des Aktes von Amts wegen zuzustellen, obliegt im Ermittlungsverfahren der StA. Ist die StA zun?chst s?umig und hat sie dann das Vers?umte nachgeholt, so obliegt es dem OLG, nach M?glichkeit Abhilfe gegen Folgen der S?umnis zu schaffen, um ein Fortwirken der Verz?gerung hintanzuhalten. Durch die – im Fall des § 7 Abs 2 GRBG mit der Feststellung einer Grundrechtsverletzung von Gesetzes wegen verbundene – Anordnung umgehend erneuter Haftprüfung wird die Entscheidung einer kassatorischen Erledigung so weit wie m?glich angen?hert, um das Bemühen der Gerichte, einen Ausgleich für die festgestellte Grundrechtsverletzung zu finden, zu unterstreichen und das Fortwirken der Grundrechtsverletzung zu unterbinden.     

A Stiglerian View on Banking Supervision

According to Stigler’s capture theoryregulation often follows the preferences of producers.Therefore, the interests of the financial industry might be amajor driving force for the ongoing supervisory reform debate.This paper identifies possible interests of the regulatedindustries: Either they might favour strict supervision tocreate barriers for entry. Or they might use their politicalinfluence to press for a lax and low-cost supervisory system.Our empirical results indicate that the private interest viewon banking regulation is indeed relevant and that the data ismore compatible with a “preference for laxity” than with a‘‘barriers to entry’’ view.