全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6402篇 |
免费 | 230篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 532篇 |
工人农民 | 191篇 |
世界政治 | 629篇 |
外交国际关系 | 452篇 |
法律 | 2652篇 |
中国政治 | 50篇 |
政治理论 | 2054篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 55篇 |
2020年 | 103篇 |
2019年 | 158篇 |
2018年 | 172篇 |
2017年 | 202篇 |
2016年 | 213篇 |
2015年 | 123篇 |
2014年 | 174篇 |
2013年 | 1170篇 |
2012年 | 174篇 |
2011年 | 178篇 |
2010年 | 175篇 |
2009年 | 182篇 |
2008年 | 159篇 |
2007年 | 223篇 |
2006年 | 190篇 |
2005年 | 226篇 |
2004年 | 235篇 |
2003年 | 211篇 |
2002年 | 225篇 |
2001年 | 123篇 |
2000年 | 117篇 |
1999年 | 100篇 |
1998年 | 96篇 |
1997年 | 93篇 |
1996年 | 91篇 |
1995年 | 92篇 |
1994年 | 97篇 |
1993年 | 80篇 |
1992年 | 86篇 |
1991年 | 94篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 67篇 |
1988年 | 65篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 71篇 |
1985年 | 63篇 |
1984年 | 55篇 |
1983年 | 66篇 |
1982年 | 51篇 |
1981年 | 57篇 |
1980年 | 39篇 |
1979年 | 39篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1977年 | 33篇 |
1976年 | 30篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1967年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有6632条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
David Torrance 《The Political quarterly》2017,88(1):52-59
Since the 1980s the Scottish National Party has presented its political project in progressive terms, but this created a twin dilemma: in order to achieve independence, the SNP needed to win political power, and in order to achieve political power it had to win an election, and orthodoxy dictated that winning elections in Scotland involved a centre‐left platform. But the two have often been in conflict, as is clear as the SNP approaches its tenth anniversary in devolved government and agitates for another referendum. 相似文献
162.
James E. Monogan III David M. Konisky Neal D. Woods 《American journal of political science》2017,61(2):257-270
In federal systems, both state governments and firms have incentives to strategically locate polluting facilities where the environmental and health consequences will be borne as much as possible by residents of other jurisdictions. We analyze air polluter location in the United States using a spatial point pattern model, which models where events occur in latitude and longitude. Our analyses indicate that major air polluters are significantly more likely to be located near a state's downwind border than a control group of other industrial facilities, results that are robust to a wide variety of model specifications and measurement strategies. This effect is particularly pronounced for facilities with toxic air emissions. The observed pattern of polluter location varies systematically across states and time in ways that suggest it is responsive to public policy at both the national and state levels. 相似文献
163.
Interest groups seek to influence public policy. Business associations specifically seek to influence policy related to the environment in which their members operate, with the intention of making it easier for the members, and the wider private sector, to “do business.” Scholars question whether interest groups are influential and, if so, the degree to which their activity influences public policy. Even if they do influence public policy at the margins, it is questionable how effective they are in influencing legislation. As a result, there is little exploration of the factors that may determine whether business membership organizations (BMOs) are likely to be successful. This paper explores the efforts of two BMOs in Kenya to influence legislation: In one case, the BMO persuaded the government to introduce legislation to regulate an activity that had previously not been subject to legislation; in the other, a BMO sought to persuade the government to amend its own proposals to replace existing legislation with new legislation. In both cases, we find evidence that the BMO was successful, though one BMO was significantly more successful than the other. We review the factors perceived by the BMOs to have led to their success. Neither was in a position to rely on economic or other power to strong‐arm the government. Both followed a predominantly insider strategy though with occasional media back‐up. Both were successful on the more “technical” issues. Key factors include the use of a champion, engaging across government, supplying information, and providing evidence and good argumentation. 相似文献
164.
Role perceptions and attitudes toward discretion at a decentralized regulatory frontline: The case of organic inspectors 下载免费PDF全文
David P. Carter 《Regulation & Governance》2017,11(4):353-367
The complexity of decentralized regulatory contexts can threaten program fidelity, particularly if it results in divergence between program goals and the intents of regulatory inspectors. This paper investigates how inspectors negotiate the conflicting demands of a decentralized program by examining how they perceive their regulatory roles – the primary responsibilities that inspectors ascribe to their functions and the entities to which they feel responsible – and how these role orientations are related to inspectors' attitudes toward the use of discretion. The study findings indicate that in the decentralized administration of United States organic food regulations, inspectors experience multiple, and sometimes conflicting, role orientations. The presence of multiple role orientations, however, does not seem to affect how inspectors approach their responsibilities. The combined strengths of quantitative and qualitative data are leveraged to offer explanations for the study findings and identify avenues for future research. 相似文献
165.
About half of the nations that experience civil war eventually relapse into renewed conflict within a few years after the original war ends. This observation has motivated a stream of research into the factors that affect the risk of peace failure in the aftermath of civil war. While the outcome of the previous civil war—for example, military victory versus peace agreement—structures the post-war environment in ways that affect the risk of peace failure, the capacity of the post-war state to enact and implement policies that affect the incentives for and capacity of groups to undertake armed violence as a means of advancing their interests should also affect the risks of peace failure. Using Geddes’ categories of nondemocratic regime types, we will present a theory of how different regime types have varying capacities to repress and/or implement accommodative policies that affect the risk of peace failure. We test propositions derived from this theory with a series of event history models. Our findings suggest that while peace agreements significantly increase the duration of post-civil war peace, peace agreements involving some types of nondemocratic regimes actually increase the risk of post-civil war peace failure. 相似文献
166.
David Webber Kristen Klein Ambra Brizi Ariel Merari 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2017,29(5):852-874
This research used open source information to investigate the motivational backgrounds of 219 suicide attackers from various regions of the world. We inquired as to whether the attackers exhibited evidence for significance quest as a motive for their actions, and whether the eradication of significance loss and/or the aspiration for significance gain systematically differed according to attackers’ demographics. It was found that the specific nature of the significance quest motive varied in accordance with attackers’ gender, age, and education. Whereas Arab-Palestinians, males, younger attackers, and more educated attackers seem to have been motivated primarily by the possibility of significance gain, women, older attackers, those with little education, and those hailing from other regions seem to have been motivated primarily by the eradication of significance loss. Analyses also suggested that the stronger an attacker’s significance quest motive, the greater the effectiveness of their attack, as measured by the number of casualties. Methodological limitations of the present study were discussed, and the possible directions for further research were indicated. 相似文献
167.
168.
169.
David R. Marples 《欧亚研究》2009,61(3):505-518
The article discusses recent historiography on the Ukrainian famine of 1933, arguing that whereas there is today a consensus in Ukraine that it constituted an act of genocide by Stalin's government against Ukrainians, no such agreement exists in the West. Further, Western works, while they may offer valuable insights and their conclusions notwithstanding, have tended to neglect the national issue altogether. The article demonstrates that national questions remained uppermost in the discussions of party officials about the failure of the 1932 harvest in Ukraine and argues that a more definitive study of the famine would be enhanced by discussion of the disparate views and further use of archival evidence. 相似文献
170.
Adi Kuntsman David Lane Martin Myant John A. Dunn Henri Duquenne Kelly Hignett 《欧亚研究》2009,61(8):1483-1511