检察官客观义务:制度本源与实践限度

从现代政治权力的原理来看,检察官客观义务的意义在于按照现代性的权力逻辑与治理模式,实现了现代刑事诉讼权力结构的分化并维系着刑事司法制度的正当性。由于刑事诉讼制度本身与检察官个体都无法克服与超越刑事司法中的某些固有因素,检察官客观义务在实践中存在相当的限度。在推动刑事诉讼制度合理化建设上,我们应该在深入理解检察官客观义务的基础上,推行一些更为现实的改革方略。     

中国特色社会主义理论体系基本问题研究

如何认识和把握中国特色社会主义理论体系的提出和意义、形成和发展、层次结构、基本特点,是深入学习贯彻该理论体系,用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装全党、教育人民亟需解决的几个基本问题。从中国特色社会主义理论体系的层次结构、基本特征等方面对此作探讨,具有重要的现实意义。     

企业合规计划有效性与举报人保护制度之构建——澳大利亚路径及其对中国的启示

传统的法人犯罪惩治机制建立在单一的刑罚威慑框架之下,其以膨胀刑法条文、严峻刑罚为主要手段,未能有效遏制日益突出的法人犯罪问题。基于对单一国家规制模式的反思,国外出现了以赋予合规计划诉讼及量刑意义为具体手段、旨在提升法人组织自主犯罪预防效率的各类立法与司法实践。企业法人组织是否依据其自身文化、所处行业及销售规模等“个性”因素,设计并执行一套用以鼓励成员个体对企业犯罪事实积极予以披露的举报人保护制度是鉴别具体合规计划是否有效的重要判断标准之一。通过对“合规计划”这一概念中的规范与社会性要素加以描述与强调,由澳大利亚证券交易所企业治理委员会制定的《企业治理原则与最佳操作指引》提升了合规计划妥善保护与激励举报人的整体能力,为我国法人犯罪治理的司法实践提供了全新思路。     

Culture in transition: Awareness and appropriate response to domestic violence among Hmong American college students

This explanatory study examined Hmong college students’ experience, awareness, and appropriate response to domestic violence in the Hmong community, using a survey (n?=?231) at one of the largest Hmong-serving institutions in the United States. Findings indicated that 32.8% of Hmong college women had some violence from their romantic partners and two thirds of Hmong college men and women were aware of violence in the Hmong community. Those young generation Hmong reported that the most appropriate method to solve conflicts within the Hmong community is through the traditional clan system. These results can be used to begin formulating research-based cultural competence education for providers in the criminal justice system and facilitate discussions on youth perceptions.     

A generalization of the obligation to prevent: From genocide convention to racial discrimination convention

The decision of the International Court of Justice in the case concerning the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (“Genocide Convention”) highlights states’ obligations under the Convention, especially the obligation to prevent. When it comes to the case concerning the International Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (“Racial Discrimination Convention”), the decision of the Court indicating provisional measures seemingly purported to generalize its jurisprudence in the Genocide Case. By elaborating this kind of new jurisprudence, the Court echoed to the responsibility to protect, as well as to Article 48 and Article 54 of the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (“Draft Articles of State Responsibility”). It appears that each State Party should have an obligation to intervene in the coming genocide incidence, perhaps as well as in the coming racial discrimination cases. Nevertheless it is unclear in what manner a state could implement it effectively.     

行政冲突的价值分析--公共管理新模式探索

公共领域的冲突或危机管理模式是价值观、信仰以及稀少的地位、权力和资源分配上的斗争,具有一定的负功能;关注公共领域中的冲突管理或危机管理并不是涉及双方行政关系的基础,不是核心价值的冲突,而是民主性质的公共规则控制下的冲突,是公共领域可以承受,并对公共管理结构的整合提供动力的冲突,使人们能够运用冲突的危机探索并接近解决的可能性的冲突,因而是具有正功能的冲突.认为,虽然冲突管理或危机管理也具有反功能,有一定风险,但影响是有限的,因此,危机管理或冲突管理的正功能成为研究的重点.     

刑事被告人诉讼目的探析

刑事被告人的诉讼目的具有独立的价值,它是刑事被告人作为诉讼主体的必然要求,其根基就在于刑事诉讼的诉权。从理性的角度来看,刑事被告人的诉讼目的在于通过公正的司法使社会的法治与安全得到维护;从实践的角度看,其具体的诉讼目的在于通过程序的正当性,及时充分地实现求审权,以获得公正的实体裁判。     

救助管理工作存在的问题及其对策建议

救助管理办法实施一年多来,救助管理工作得到稳步发展,成效显著。同时在实施过程中存在着许多困难和问题,需要不断的探索和完善。本文针对救助管理工作在实践中所存在的问题进行了分析,尝试性地提出了相应的解决思路。     

Average Probability that a "Cold Hit" in a DNA Database Search Results in an Erroneous Attribution

Abstract:  We consider a hypothetical series of cases in which the DNA profile of a crime-scene sample is found to match a known profile in a DNA database (i.e., a "cold hit"), resulting in the identification of a suspect based only on genetic evidence. We show that the average probability that there is another person in the population whose profile matches the crime-scene sample but who is not in the database is approximately 2( N  −  d ) p _A , where N is the number of individuals in the population, d is the number of profiles in the database, and p _A is the average match probability (AMP) for the population. The AMP is estimated by computing the average of the probabilities that two individuals in the population have the same profile. We show further that if a priori each individual in the population is equally likely to have left the crime-scene sample, then the average probability that the database search attributes the crime-scene sample to a wrong person is ( N  −  d ) p _A .     

荧光定量PCR技术研究线粒体DNA nt16519单核苷酸多态性

目的应用荧光定量PCR技术,建立mtDNA nt16519位点的PCR分型方法。方法应用Primer Express3．0软件,设计1对Taqman MGB探针和1埘扩增引物,在探针的5’端分别标记FAM和VIC报告荧光,应用7500荧光定量PCR和直接测序两种方法,分别榆测62份血样和18份毛发样本的mtDNA nt16519单核苷酸多态性,比较二种方法结果的一致性。结果62份血样和18份毛发样本均得到了可靠的mtDNA nt16519分型结果。结论建立的荧光定量PCR的分型方法操作简单、结果准确,适用于法医DNA检案。