CJDATS CO-OCCURRING DISORDERS SCREENING INSTRUMENT (CODSI) FOR MENTAL DISORDERS (MD): A Validation Study

Three standardized screening instruments-the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Short Screener (GSS), the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Modified (MINI-M), and the Mental Health Screening Form (MHSF)-were compared to two shorter instruments, the 6-item Co-Occurring Disorders Screening Instrument for Mental Disorders (CODSI-MD) and the 3-item CODSI for Severe Mental Disorders (CODSI-SMD) for use with offenders in prison substance-abuse treatment programs. Results showed that the CODSI screening instruments were comparable to the longer instruments in overall accuracy and that all of the instruments performed reasonably well. The CODSI instruments showed sufficient value to justify their use in prison substance-abuse treatment programs and to warrant validation testing in other criminal justice populations and settings.     

On the Puzzle Surrounding Hans Kelsen's Basic Norm

Whereas fundamental norms in the juridico‐philosophical tradition serve to impose constraints, Kelsen's fundamental norm—or basic norm (Grundnorm)—purports to establish the normativist character of the law. But how is the basic norm itself established? Kelsen himself rules out the appeals that are familiar from the tradition—the appeal to fact, and to morality. What remains is a Kantian argument. I introduce and briefly evaluate the Kantian and neo‐Kantian positions, as applied to Kelsen's theory. The distinction between the two positions, I argue, is reflected in an ambiguity in the use of the term “regressive.”     

Sexuality and citizenship: the state and girls' leisure provision in England, 1939-45

ABSTRACT

The main feminist conceptualisation of women's close relationships from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century characterises these as ‘romantic friendships’ and argues that a stereotype of ‘the lesbian’ was invented by sexologists such as Havelock Ellis and applied to these relationships in order to condemn them. A number of pieces of primary research are presented which suggest that this approach is highly problematic. In the case of Emily Wilding Davison's close relationship with Mary Leigh there is simply too little historical evidence to be able to draw any conclusions as to its character or its meaning for the women concerned. In addition, Edith Lees Ellis has been seen as a woman whose romantic friendships were ‘morbidified’ as lesbianism by her husband Havelock Ellis, although in this case archival evidence clearly shows that she certainly saw herself as a ‘invert’. And relatedly, the same archival source also shows that some women experienced their sexuality in ‘mannish’ terms in the absence of any evidence of an influence on them of the pejorative writings of sexologists. Rather than premature theoretical generalisation, what is needed is more primary research on particular women's close relationships and the social context in which these were located.

     

The nuclear threat as a terrorist option

There has not been a single instance of nuclear terrorism in the fifty‐plus years since the end of World War II. The dissolution of the Soviet Union, however, has rendered nuclear materials and technology vulnerable to various forms of diversion, which may enable terrorist use of nuclear or radiological devices. The several terrorist options in this regard are described and evaluated. Nuclear capabilities based upon theft or construction of a device are viewed as remote possibilities. Environmental contamination through a radiological device or reactor sabotage is (and has been) a viable option. A general theoretical principle is advanced as a possible explanation for the terrorist avoidance of the nuclear option.     

The influence of the nomenklatura on post-soviet administration

The persistence of Soviet era senior level management in the administration of the states recently emerged from the former USSR is examined. The extent of such persistence is illustrated by reference to Lithuania. Subsequently, the validity of the commonly held belief that the continuation of the nomenklatura is detrimental to reform is affirmed. It is concluded that the as yet widespread prevalence of the nomenklaturists inhibits reform in that they are bearers of an organizational culture which is antithetical to public administration in liberal democracies.