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11.
Studies on user committees often critique the claim that membership to these committees empowers people. In this article, we use survey data on empowerment school committees in Tanzania to find out whether school committee membership is a source of empowerment of people at the local levels. Our findings suggest that membership in itself has limited impact on empowerment, while access to information and gender are the major sources of empowerment. However, the role of membership to the school committee is significant insofar as it can expose members to critical information on school issues. 相似文献
12.
Steinar Andresen Kristin Rosendal Jon Birger Skjærseth 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2013,13(4):425-440
The purpose of this paper is to explain how and why consensus was reached on a legally binding approach given the opposition of powerful actors. Why did the United States and key emerging economies change their positions? We apply tools from the regime formation literature—classical perspectives on power, interests and knowledge—and the use of different leadership tools to shed light on the issue. Knowledge-based intellectual leadership was exercised by the UNEP Secretariat, providing new information on the seriousness and scope of the problem. Power-based leadership through unilateral action was provided by the United States. When the United States changed position after change in domestic leadership, political costs increased for other opponents. Finally, interest-based instrumental leadership was provided by many proponents, with UNEP and among others the EU in the lead. Still, conflicts remain on control measures and the form of financial mechanism. 相似文献
13.
Tore Solheim Steinar Rønning Bjørn Hars Per Kristian Sundnes 《Forensic science international》1982,20(2):127-131
In recent years, several computer programs for dental identification in mass disasters have been developed. Unfortunately, it may be difficult to get access to such programs. The Norwegian police presently utilizes a text retrieval program, NOVA1STATUS, for detection work. This program is based on the British STATUS ONE program, and it enables the user to find from a large pool of postmortem dental registration one or several sets containing specific information about one tooth or several teeth. The complete relevant set(s) can be displayed for visual examination and comparison. A coding system for dental information has been developed as well as a system for interrogating the computer. This system and its efficiency have been tested on a simulated small scale disaster where various well-known difficulties in dental identification were included. 相似文献
14.
An agenda for change in U.S. climate policies? Presidential ambitions and congressional powers 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Tora Skodvin Steinar Andresen 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(3):263-280
The U.S. membership in the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP) constituted an important element
in the Bush administration’s voluntary and non-committing ‘soft-law’ approach to climate change. With the inauguration of
President Barack Obama, the U.S. has embarked on a shift in its climate policy towards a legislative, ‘hard-law’ strategy.
Obama’s approach implies that the distribution of interests in Congress becomes more significant. In this article, we assess
the rules and procedures governing the relationship between the president and the Congress embedded in the U.S. Constitution
and explore implications of a stronger congressional involvement in U.S. climate policies for President Obama’s ability to
realise his climate policy ambitions at both the domestic and the international levels. We argue that the strong relationship
between natural resource dependence (coal and oil) and opposition to climate policies is a constant feature of the U.S. climate
policy debate. In order to succeed, Obama must break the enduring gridlock characterising congressional debate in this policy
area by designing policies that, through compromise and compensation, can mobilise the support of oil- and coal-state representatives
in Congress. The acceptability of an international climate treaty in Congress, moreover, depends inter alia on the resolution
of the difficult issue of developing country participation. Success may be enhanced by using the APP and the Major Economies
Initiative as informal arenas for negotiation and sector-based cooperation, thus providing a much-needed supplement to the
UN-based negotiation process.
相似文献
Tora SkodvinEmail: |
15.
Steinar Andresen 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2007,7(4):457-468
In the introductory article it was concluded that the effectiveness of the UN environmental institutions studied was quite
low. Key actors, especially the US and the EU, play a considerable role in explaining the course of development in these institutions.
However, this does not mean that these processes are mainly state-driven as a number of other factors matter. The potential
for reform and increased effectiveness is limited as the main actors, the US the EU and G-77/China have very different interests
and perceptions as to the future directions of these institutions.
相似文献
Steinar AndresenEmail: |