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The farm financial crisis of the 1980s has had a major effect on agriculturally dependent areas in the United States. The crisis has resulted in a large proportion of producers leaving agriculture, in a substantial decline in the number of rural businesses, and in the support for rural service bases. Although extensively analyzed, the crisis' impacts on resources and poverty have not been adequately evaluated.
This paper examines such impacts using parameters derived from USDA data and from extensive surveys of producers, business operators, and employees in rural communities. The results show effects on populations, services, and income that could lead to a substantial increase in the rates of poverty in these counties.
The paper concludes that the crisis, if left unaddressed, may result in a long-term loss of economic opportunities, accentuated rates of poverty, and reduced potential for economic development in agriculturally dependent areas in the United States. 相似文献
This paper examines such impacts using parameters derived from USDA data and from extensive surveys of producers, business operators, and employees in rural communities. The results show effects on populations, services, and income that could lead to a substantial increase in the rates of poverty in these counties.
The paper concludes that the crisis, if left unaddressed, may result in a long-term loss of economic opportunities, accentuated rates of poverty, and reduced potential for economic development in agriculturally dependent areas in the United States. 相似文献
404.
Implementing 'Best Value': Local Public Services in Transition 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Steve Martin 《Public administration》2000,78(1):209-227
This paper examines the impacts of the 'Best Value' regime on the management of local public services in the UK. It argues that the regime marks an important shift in the framework of national regulation of local authorities and the services they provide but that the initiatives developed by the councils which have been piloting the new framework reflect a variety of approaches to local implementation. This suggests not the arrival of a new, hegemonic 'outcomes-focused paradigm' but a more gradual transition characterized by the co-existence and interaction of hierarchical, market based and collaborative frameworks for co-ordinating service delivery. The search for 'citizen-centred' services is likely to lead to a shift in the 'mix of governing structures' with an increasing number of services structured around 'cross-cutting issues', specific client groups or local communities. However, these more integrated approaches to local service delivery frequently require internal re-structuring as well as more effective collabor-ation with other local service providers and with local people. They may not therefore lead to immediate improvements in public services and will require local and central government to embrace new approaches to learning. 相似文献
405.
Financial services, particularly securities markets, insurance and commercial banking, have played a crucial role in China's post-1978 economic reforms. China has so far established a market structure and a legal framework, and has a growing understanding of how financial services operate in the modern world economy. We will review China's progress in financial services reforms over the last 22 years, describe the commitments China has made to gain WTO entrance, and then evaluate the potential benefits and costs to China's financial sector of WTO accession. We conclude that even with the substantial challenges presented by greatly increased post-WTO foreign competition, China will benefit from the WTO because of a number of factors including a growing pool of well-trained personnel, lessons learned from domestic and foreign development experiences, increasing Chinese economic strength, and continual advancement of China's financial infrastructure. 相似文献
406.
This paper examines the extent to which attention to television news impacted affective evaluations of presidential candidates during the last two months of the 1992 campaign. Our analyses show that attentiveness to campaign news significantly influenced evaluations in a manner consistent with the tone of news coverage for each candidate. We disaggregate the data by party and ideology, however, and discover this effect to be conditional, depending critically on the character and intensity of political predispositions. Throughout the paper we emphasize the interplay between political predispositions and the valence of network coverage, underscoring the contingent effect of media messages. We conclude with a brief discussion of our results and stress the importance of partisan reinforcement, which we found was a major consequence of news media reception during the fall 1992 campaign. 相似文献
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The IMF settlement of December 1976 looms large in popular and partisan views of the politics of the 1970s. It is argued here that conventional academic wisdom has come to embody several misleading myths about its impact on economic policy. Evidence is presented to challenge four such myths which suggest that the IMF forced the Labour government to launch an attack on public spending, introduce cash limits to control public spending, introduce monetary targets and abandon the pursuit of full employment through demand management.
Although the language of the [IMF] negotiations reflected the arcane terms of international finance… the decisions required of the British Government were profoundly political… behind the technical financial decisions lay fundamental differences over the appropriate balance between the private and public sectors, the priority between capital accumulation and social welfare, the relative weight to be given to incentives and equality… What was at issue was the future shape of the political economy of Great Britain.1 相似文献
Although the language of the [IMF] negotiations reflected the arcane terms of international finance… the decisions required of the British Government were profoundly political… behind the technical financial decisions lay fundamental differences over the appropriate balance between the private and public sectors, the priority between capital accumulation and social welfare, the relative weight to be given to incentives and equality… What was at issue was the future shape of the political economy of Great Britain.
410.
EMPLOYMENT LAW HANDBOOK: AN ADVISOR'S HANDBOOK By TAMARA LEWIS [Legal Action Group, 2005, 6th ed., 739 pp., £28.00 (paperback)] EMPLOYMENT TRIBUNAL CLAIMS: TACTICS AND PRECEDENTS By NAOMI CUNNINGHAM [Legal Action Group, 2005, 396 pp., £25.00 (paperback)] DISCRIMINATION LAW: TEXT, CASES AND MATERIALS By AILEEN MCCOLGAN [Hart Publishing, 2005. 2nd edn., 757 pp., £25 (paperback)] FAMILY LAW AND FAMILY VALUES Edited By MAVIS MACLEAN [Hart Publishing, 2005, 342 pp., £22.00 (paperback)] TRUSTS AND EQUITY By NIGEL STOCKWELL and RICHARD EDWARDS [Pearson Longman, 2005, 7th edn., 556 pp., £29.99 (paperback)] HAYTON AND MARSHALL: CASES AND COMMENTARY ON THE LAW OF TRUSTS AND EQUITABLE REMEDIES By DAVID HAYTON and CHARLES MITCHELL [Sweet &; Maxwell, 2005, 12th edn., 985 pp., £32.95 (paperback)] MODERN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW By CATHERINE COLSTON and KIRSTY MIDDLETON [Cavendish Publishing Ltd., 2005, 2nd ed., 808 pp., £35.95 (paperback)] INSURANCE LAW: DOCTRINE AND PRINCIPLES By JOHN DOWRY and PHILIP RAWLINGS [Hart Publishing, 2005, 2nd edn, 447 pp., £25.00 (paperback)] MASON &; MCCALL SMITH'S LAW AND MEDICAL ETHICS Edited By KENYON MASON and GRAEME LAURIE [Oxford University Press, 2005, 7th ed., 774 pp., £21.99 (paperback)] LEGAL CONUNDRUMS IN OUR BRAVE NEW WORLD By BARONESS HELENA KENNEDY QC [Sweet and Maxwell, 2004, 57 pp., £17.95 (paperback)] CRIMINAL LAW By CATHERINE ELLIOTT and FRANCES QUINN [Pearson Education, 2006, 6th ed. xxvi + 420 pp., £22.99 (paperback)] DRUGS, ADDICTION AND THE LAW By LEONARD JASON‐LLOYD [ELM Publications, 10th ed., 232 pp., £29.95 (loose‐leaf with updating service)] THE VIOLENT WORKPLACE By P. A. J. WADDINGTON, DOUG BADGER and RAY BULL [Willan Publishing, 2006, xii + 204 pp., £25.00 (hardback)] ENVIRONMENTAL LAW By J. THORNTON and S. BECKWITH [Sweet and Maxwell, 2004, 2nd ed., 447 pp., £24.95 (paperback)] 相似文献