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排序方式: 共有348条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
241.
Abstract A major objective of many neighborhood revitalization programs is to increase homeownership. Conventional wisdom holds that this is one of the best ways to stabilize areas in decline. This article questions convention by presenting a conceptual model of how homeownership rates might affect various indicators of neighborhood stability and by determining whether there is support for this model in the literature. The article also presents an original analysis of the relationship between homeownership rates and two measures of neighborhood stability. The literature review finds considerable support for an association between homeownership and both improved property maintenance and longer lengths of tenure. The analysis of census data similarly indicates less residential mobility and greater property value appreciation in areas with greater home‐ownership. Although initial values and citywide value changes appear to have much stronger effects on changes in property values than the tract home‐ownership rate, modest changes in homeownership rates are clearly associated with increased property values. 相似文献
242.
Eric A. Stewart 《犯罪学与公共政策》2011,10(2):467-472
243.
An acoustic-phonetic forensic-voice-comparison system was constructed using the time-averaged formant values of tokens of 61 male Chinese speakers' /i/, /e/, and /a/ monophthongs as input. Likelihood ratios were calculated using a multivariate kernel density formula. A separate set of likelihood ratios was calculated for each vowel phoneme, and these were then fused and calibrated using linear logistic regression. The system was tested via cross-validation. The validity and reliability of the results were assessed using the log-likelihood-ratio-cost function (C(llr), a measure of accuracy) and an empirical estimate of the credible interval for the likelihood ratios from different-speaker comparisons (a measure of precision). The credible interval was calculated on the basis of two independent pairs of samples for each different-speaker comparison pair. 相似文献
244.
245.
The main objectives of this article are to determine the prevalence of criminality among a sample of female African American drug users and to examine change in criminality over time, including the correlates associated with this change. Data were collected from 336 adult women who participated in an HIV risk-reduction intervention focused on the context of the women's daily life. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted at baseline, prior to enrolling in the intervention, and at follow-up, 6 months after completion of the intervention. Bivariate and correlated multivariate methods were utilized to examine changes in criminality and other behaviors over time. Both violent and nonviolent criminality declined significantly between baseline and follow-up assessments. Of the correlates considered, drug-using characteristics and victimization played the greatest role in explaining the decrease in criminality. Low self-control and depressive symptoms also contributed to the reduction in criminality. The findings suggest the importance of considering individual characteristics that may influence the women's criminal behavior as well as the impact of their routine activities. 相似文献
246.
Although the benefits of the use of less lethal kinetic energy munitions are numerous, there is a need to evaluate the munitions prior to deployment to ensure their intended effect. The objective of the current research was to validate a surrogate that could be used to predict the risk of penetration of these devices. Existing data from biomechanical testing with post-mortem human specimens (PMHS) served as the foundation for this research. Development of the surrogate involved simulating the various layers of the skin and underlying soft tissues using a combination of materials. A standardized 12-gauge impactor was used to assess each combination. The energy density that resulted in a 50% risk of penetration for the anterior thorax region (23.99 J/cm(2)) from the previous research was matched using a specific combination of layers. Twelve various combinations of materials were tested with the 50% risk of penetration determined. The final validated surrogate consisted of a Laceration Assessment Layer (LAL) of natural chamois and .6 cm of closed-cell foam over a Penetration Assessment Layer (PAL) of 20% ordnance gelatin. This surrogate predicted a 50% risk of penetration at 23.88 J/cm(2). Injury risk curves for the PMHS and surrogate development work are presented. 相似文献
247.
Alex R. Piquero Jonathan Intravia Eric Stewart Nicole Leeper Piquero Marc Gertz Jake Bratton 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2012,37(1):19-32
Theoretical and empirical consideration has long been given to the role of subcultural attitudes and how they relate to delinquency
and crime. Recently, Anderson has reconceptualized these early attitudinal depictions by considering the formation and role
of these specific attitudes or ‘code of the street’ among African-Americans in inner-city neighborhoods. A number of important
findings have emerged from this literature, yet much remains to be considered. We contribute to this literature in three specific
ways by examining: (1) the scope of street code attitudes across a wide variety of individuals—and not just inner-city African
American (males) to assess the generalizability of these attitudes; (2) the correlates of street code attitudes; and (3) the
extent to which street code attitudes mediate the relationship between various demographic and attitudinal (self-control)
variables and crime. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are addressed. 相似文献
248.
Jane Scoular Jane Pitcher Teela Sanders Rosie Campbell Stewart Cunningham 《Journal of law and society》2019,46(2):211-239
Drawing on the largest study of the United Kingdom online market in sexual labour to date, this article examines the legal and regulatory consequences as aspects of sex work increasingly take place within an online environment. Our research shows that while governmental policy has not kept abreast of these changes, the application of current laws (which have, since the 1950s, focused on public nuisance and, more recently, trafficking and modern slavery) are pernicious to sex workers and unsuited to recognizing and responding to the abuses and exploitation in online markets in sexual labour. These injustices are likely to be exacerbated if policies and policing do not better align with the realities of these markets in the twenty‐first century. This demands a more nuanced regulatory approach which recognizes that people may engage in sex work of their own volition, but which also addresses conditions of labour and criminal exploitation. 相似文献
249.
Gross and histologic postmortem changes of the skin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kovarik C Stewart D Cockerell C 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2005,26(4):305-308
Many methods have been attempted to accurately and systematically determine the estimated time of death in autopsy cases. Gross changes of the skin which occur during the postmortem interval have occasionally been used to estimate the time of death under different conditions; however, the postmortem gross and histologic changes of the skin have not been systematically analyzed. We sequentially studied the gross and microscopic appearance of skin in 3 individuals during the early postmortem interval (<1 week) in an outdoor, shaded, cool to temperate climate. Photos and skin biopsy specimens were taken from 4 sites (acral skin, scalp, dependent truncal skin, and nondependent truncal skin) every 12-24 hours on each individual. The gross appearance of the skin remarkably did not change significantly in any of the sites after 1 week of decomposition. Three main histologic changes were seen in the skin biopsy specimens: focal dermal-epidermal separation, eccrine duct necrosis, and dermal degeneration. Although bullae were not present in the gross examination of the skin, focal separation of the epidermis from the dermis was appreciated in several skin biopsies; however, the timing of development was unpredictable. Eccrine duct necrosis was another histologic finding and was relatively predictable, occurring in dependent and nondependent truncal skin biopsies from all 3 individuals between days 4 and 7. Dermal degeneration was a uniform histologic finding only in biopsies from nondependent truncal skin, occurring in all individuals on day 2. Although this study is limited by the small number of subjects and uncontrolled extrinsic factors, histologic findings, such as eccrine gland necrosis and dermal degeneration, in select cutaneous biopsies may be useful in estimating the time of death in the early postmortem interval. 相似文献
250.
Subrata?Ghatak Alan?MulhernEmail author Chris?Stewart 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2005,38(2):129-146
Employing a probit, logit and gompit model this paper demonstrates that small firm development, represented by a group of
structural, behavioral and performance variables determine regional location in Poland. The paper uses original data that
samples the small firm stratum in two contrasting regions, Pomorskie and Lubelskie. The following variables were shown to
be significantly correlated with regional location: legal structure, subcontracting, technological level of the products of
the firm, average wage and intention to expand turnover. 相似文献