试议我国宪法解释程序

研究并制定宪法解释程序对于建设法治社会来说是必要的和重要的。目前我国宪法解释程序存在着许多亟需解决的问题,应尽快制定《宪法解释程序法》,并且扩大宪法解释案的提案主体,建立宪法专家参与制度,明确规定宪法解释案的表决原则以及书面表达形式。     

后勤服务社会化委托管理模式初探——以中国井冈山干部学院为例

后勤服务社会化是市场经济的要求,也是提高后勤服务水平的有效途径。中国井冈山干部学院结合学院实际,积极借鉴国内外后勤管理经验,创新后勤管理模式,形成了独具特色的新型后勤服务社会化委托管理模式。总结、分析学院后勤服务社会化管理模式的特点,提出合理化的建议,对进一步提高后勤服务社会化工作水平,做好下一步后勤管理和服务工作,为学院的教学、科研、行政工作提供有力的后勤保障具有重要意义。     

高速公路出入联络线交通事故原因分析

高速公路出入联络线由于区段、行车条件和驾驶员心理的变化 ,其事故形态及成因都有其特殊的规律 :一、驾驶员在高速公路城镇出入联络线路段行车时 ,常常进入一种混沌状态 ,表现出驶离高速公路的不适应性 ;二、高速公路的出入联络线较高速公路行车道的行车条件发生了变化 ,车道变窄 ,坡道变多 ,弯道变小 ,以至追尾、撞车、失控等事故形态常常发生。     

Empirical analysis of the STR profiles resulting from conceptual mixtures

Samples containing DNA from two or more individuals can be difficult to interpret. Even ascertaining the number of contributors can be challenging and associated uncertainties can have dramatic effects on the interpretation of testing results. Using an FBI genotypes dataset, containing complete genotype information from the 13 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) loci for 959 individuals, all possible mixtures of three individuals were exhaustively and empirically computed. Allele sharing between pairs of individuals in the original dataset, a randomized dataset and datasets of generated cousins and siblings was evaluated as were the number of loci that were necessary to reliably deduce the number of contributors present in simulated mixtures of four or less contributors. The relatively small number of alleles detectable at most CODIS loci and the fact that some alleles are likely to be shared between individuals within a population can make the maximum number of different alleles observed at any tested loci an unreliable indicator of the maximum number of contributors to a mixed DNA sample. This analysis does not use other data available from the electropherograms (such as peak height or peak area) to estimate the number of contributors to each mixture. As a result, the study represents a worst case analysis of mixture characterization. Within this dataset, approximately 3% of three-person mixtures would be mischaracterized as two-person mixtures and more than 70% of four-person mixtures would be mischaracterized as two- or three-person mixtures using only the maximum number of alleles observed at any tested locus.     

Risk factors for sexual victimization among male and female homeless and runaway youth

Risk factors associated with the likelihood of being sexually victimized by a stranger or friend/acquaintance since being on the street was examined among 372 homeless and runaway youth. Young people were interviewed on the streets and in shelters by outreach workers using a systematic sampling strategy. Youth who engaged in more high-risk behaviors were expected to be at greater risk for sexual victimization by both known and unknown assailants. Results indicated that for females, running from home for the first time at an earlier age was associated with sexual victimization by both a stranger and friend/acquaintance. However, engaging in deviant subsistence strategies, survival sex, and grooming predicted being sexually victimized by a friend/acquaintance. For males, survival sex and grooming predicted stranger sexual victimization, whereas sexual orientation was associated with sexual victimization by a friend/acquaintance. Overall, 35% of the sample had been sexually victimized.     

Systematic differences in electropherogram peak heights reported by different versions of the GeneScan software

DNA profiling using STRs on the 310 and 3100 Genetic Analyzers routinely generates electropherograms that are analyzed with the GeneScan software available from the instrument's manufacturer, Applied Biosystems. Users have been able to choose from three different smoothing options that have been known to result in significant differences in the peak heights that are reported. Improvements in the underlying algorithm of the most recent version of the software also result in significant and somewhat predictable differences in peak height values. Laboratories that have performed validation studies using older versions of GeneScan should either reanalyze the data generated in those validation studies with the newest version of the software or otherwise take into consideration the systematically higher peak height values obtained as they begin following the recommendation of the manufacturer and use the new algorithm.     

"三个代表"重要思想与领导科学创新

"三个代表"重要思想是马克思主义领导理论的伟大创新,发展马克思主义领导科学必须坚持继承与发展的统一、理论与实践的统一、领导与群众的统一,必须牢牢把握执政党领导的规律.     

农村村民自治的理论溯源

有学者认为,村民自治作为一种"基层群众性自治",无论是在马恩列斯著作中,还是在毛泽东全集里,均找不到它的理论源头.本文作者认为,马克思主义经典作家提出的人民自治理论和毛泽东大力发展农村民主建设的思想,为我国实行村民自治提供了重要的理论依据.同时,村民自治又是当代中国领导人根据中国国情所进行的巨大理论创新,是马克思主义人民自治理论在中国的新发展.