论刑事案件中电子证据的收集

在刑事案件中,电子证据的收集应由侦查人员进行;根据案情不同,电子证据可按简单流程和复杂流程进行收集;可采取保全公证、技术鉴定及其他方法确保电子证据的真实性和有效性.对于手机短信可采取拍照、记录的方法固定;对于电子邮件除直接向电子邮件收件人和发件人收集电子邮件证据外,还可以从ISP的邮件服务器调取收集相关邮件信息.     

The Tension Balance Structure of China's Human Rights Development Path

The human rights white paper has in it the basic con-cepts of human rights, the form of the human rights system, and the mode of human rights practice in modern...     

Analysis of sensitivity and specificity: precise recognition of neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle in rats

In this report, we applied the TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system to rapidly and accurately identify neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle, and to provide information for follow-up studies on neutrophils to estimate wound age. Rat injury model was established, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained from the control group and contusion groups at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h, as well as at 1, 3, 5, and 15 d post-injury (n = 5 per group). The expression of nuclei and neutrophils was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A total of 20 injury site areas of 0.25 mm² (0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) were then randomly selected at all time points. A TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system was used to identify the positive and negative numbers. Knowledge of five professional medical workers were considered the gold standard to measure the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. As a result, with a staining area of neutrophils from 8 µm² to 15 µm², the FPR was 4.28%–12.14%, the FNR was 12.42%–64.08%, the sensitivity was 35.92%–87.58%, the specificity was 87.86%–95.72%, the Youden index was 0.316–0.754, the accuracy was 82.80%–88.30%, and the AUC was 0.771–0.826. The AUC was largest when the cut-off value of the staining area was 12 µm². Our results show that this software-based method is more accurate than the human eye in evaluating neutrophil infiltration. Based on the sensitivity and specificity, neutrophils can be accurately identified during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle. The TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system can also be used to optimize conditions for different cell types under various injury conditions to determine the optimal cut-off value of the staining area and provide optimal conditions for further study. Furthermore, it will provide evidence for forensic pathology cases.     

机动车盗窃犯罪研究

机动车盗窃犯罪具有严重的社会危害性.针对目前机动车盗窃犯罪成员团伙化、犯罪手段智能化和犯罪过程系统化等特点,公安机关应进一步加强公安基础工作以及信息化建设,建立多层次立体化的打防体系.     

酌定不起诉的价值辩证与制度改良

酌定不起诉作为现代公诉制度的重要组成部分,在价值层面契合诉讼的经济学原理,符合宽严相济刑事政策在刑事处遇上区别对待、繁简分流的要求,也顺应了构建和谐型司法的时代趋势。酌定不起诉制度的法律规定及实施现状与其价值纬度的合理性不相匹配,应进行必要的制度改良,以更好的舒放其分流潜能,彰显刑事法治的谦抑、轻缓趋向。     

信息经济学视角下的商标制度

为克服信息不对称对交易的负面影响,人们采取了信息、信誉与法律三种应对机制。无论何种机制,其作用的充分发挥都有赖于法律制度的有效保障。在信息经济学语境下,商标的功能就在于标示和区分商品出处,在降低信息成本的同时,激励企业保证商品质量,但激励不等于义务,企业并不因为使用商标而承担额外的品质保证义务。而商标法则通过规定商标确权条件、制止混淆和淡化,确保市场上商标的相互区分,为信息与信誉机制的建立和运行提供法律保障。尽管如此,离开相关法律的协同作用,商标法也难以有效运行。这就决定了只有合理划分商标法与相关法律的调整对象与适用边界,才能完善我国商标法乃至整个市场法制。     

机械复制还是数字复制——对新媒体艺术文化身份的辨析

人们习惯于用本雅明的机械复制理论和阿多诺的文化工业理论定位新媒体艺术的文化身份。实际上新媒体艺术依托的是数字复制技术,它与本雅明讨论的机械复制分属于艺术复制的不同阶段,从复制原理、复制功能到价值意义存在着一系列重大差异。简单沿用机械复制理论和文化工业理论将无法正确把握新媒体艺术基于数字复制技术的整合功能而形成的多元兼容、和而不同的基本文化品性。     

查韦斯执政以来的委美关系

随着世界格局多极化、国际关系民主化进程的不断发展,拉美各国谋求独立自主的倾向日益增强,委内瑞拉的查韦斯政府正是这种倾向的代表。自执政以来,查韦斯在国际关系中反对霸权主义和强权政治,反对美国的干涉与控制;在国内大刀阔斧地实行“玻利瓦尔革命”;坚决反对美国主张的美洲自由贸易区,积极倡导拉美地区的一体化;加强与拉美左翼政府及左翼政治组织的合作;敢于在反恐问题上与美国作斗争。以2002年“四月政变”为标志,委美双边关系由平稳转向持续紧张。美国试图通过外部孤立委内瑞拉、内部借助反对派活动迫使查韦斯下台,但这种敌视政策始终无法奏效。事实表明,以查韦斯为代表的拉美左翼力量的兴起最终将迫使美国不得不重新调整对拉美的政策。     

诗意化的政治隐喻——论毛泽东革命诗词的政治审美价值

毛泽东诗词是诗意化的政治隐喻,它体现了共产党人的政治审美价值,具有独特的思想政治教育功能,是独具魅力的高级统战形式和政治外交桥梁,透射着共产党人的政治审美追求,标示着领袖卓尔不群的伟人魅力。     

行刑诉讼交叉案件的裁处机制——以行政权与刑罚权的双重法律关系为视角

中国法体系语境下的行刑诉讼交叉案件的产生,既源自违法与犯罪二元化处理机制中临界点的模糊性,又来自行政机关与刑事诉讼机关职权的交叉重叠,而最根本原因乃在于实体法中行政权与刑罚权的双重法律关系,即行政处罚权与刑罚权在惩罚严厉程度上的递进关系以及刑罚权对行政管理权(狭义)的保障关系。据此,行刑诉讼交叉案件可分为两类:一是以行政处罚行为为诉讼标的的行刑诉讼交叉案件;二是以行政管理行为(狭义)为诉讼标的的行刑诉讼交叉案件。前者的处理应秉持"刑事先行,先刑后行"的规则,后者的处断则应坚持"行政先行,刑事后理"的规则。