构建公安专业学生职业心理应激三层应对体系之思考

作为警察,应对来自职业的心理应激是一件很必要的事情,但现实中警察的应对方法往往是个人的,单一的,临时的,非专业的.因此针对预备警官,从微观--个体、中观--校园、宏观--社会三大层面阐述了如何应对职业心理应激,经过这种合作途径才能真正优化我们警察的素质,提高警察服务社会的质量.     

论被害人在侵犯财产案件中放弃获得退赔的权利

尽管实务界对被害人放弃获得退赔的权利存在明显认识分歧，但是理论界却很少专门研究这个问题。被害人放弃获得退赔的行为关系到司法机关如何处理违法所得，也蕴含了国家干预与私法自治之间的关系。司法机关采取追缴、责令退赔、返还、没收的措施体现了国家干预；被害人放弃获得退赔的行为则体现了私法自治。被害人放弃获得退赔与司法机关履行法定义务之间不存在矛盾，“不能让犯罪分子从犯罪中获利”的刑法观念与“允许被追诉人从被害人放弃获得退赔行为中获利”并行不悖。赋予被害人放弃获得退赔的权利，既符合私法自治原则，又有助于贯彻恢复性司法的理念。     

A novel multiplex assay system based on 10 methylation markers for forensic identification of body fluids

Identifying the source of body fluids found at a crime scene is an essential forensic step. Some methods based on DNA methylation played significant role in body fluids identification. Since DNA methylation is related to multiple factors, such as race, age, and diseases, it is necessary to know the methylation profile of a given population. In this study, we tested 19 body fluid-specific methylation markers in a Chinese Han population. A novel multiplex assay system based on the selected markers with smaller variation in methylation and stronger tissue-specific methylation were developed for the identification of body fluids. The multiplex assay were tested in 265 body fluid samples. A random forest model was established to predict the tissue source based on the methylation data of the 10 markers. The multiplex assay was evaluated by testing the sensitivity, the mixtures, and old samples. For the result, the novel multiplex assay based on 10 selected methylation markers presented good methylation profiles in all tested samples. The random forest model worked extremely well in predicting the source of body fluids, with an accuracy of 100% and 97.5% in training data and test data, respectively. The multiplex assay could accurately predict the tissue source from 0.5 ng genomic DNA, six-months-old samples and distinguish the minor component from a mixture of two components. Our results indicated that the methylation multiplex assay and the random forest model could provide a convenient tool for forensic practitioners in body fluid identification.     

受教育权的性质及其保护

【裁判要旨】不让义务教育阶段的子女上学主要表现为不作为形式的侵权,适用侵犯受教育权的无过错责任,目的在于恢复个人对其绝对权利的圆满支配状态。在构成要件上不需要考虑侵权人的主观过错,只需要非法妨碍了权利人行使受教育权即可,表现为一种防御功能。责任形式主要包括停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉等。     

扶持少数民族地区政府采购政策功能之实现路径

扶持少数民族地区的政府采购政策功能在《政府采购法》及其实施条例施行以来久未得到具体落实,从法律实施的角度究其原因为政策制定主体具体职责实施不清晰、扶持对象标准缺位、缺乏政策基础规范。明确政策制定的启动程序,建立少数民族地区企业及特色产业认定标准,完善政府采购政策规范体系和建立激励措施就成为了落实扶持少数民族地区政府采购政策功能的必然路径。     

微束X射线荧光光谱分析在法医学鉴定中的应用进展

微束X射线荧光(microbeam X-ray fluorescence,micro-XRF)光谱技术是近年来兴起的一种微束分析技术,以其灵敏度高、所需检材微少、检测精确、非破坏性等优点而得到广泛的应用,近年来micro-XRF在司法鉴定中的应用也逐渐增多。本文根据国内外近期micro-XRF在法医学应用方面的研究进展,概述了其在射击残留物、指纹显像、毒品来源及生产工艺等物证鉴别方面及其在犯罪现场分析等方面的应用。近年来智能、便携化的micro-XRF技术设备已经开始得到应用,相信其在法医学鉴定中将得到更广泛的普及和应用。     

辨认和控制能力与责任能力司法精神鉴定差异的调查

目的比较辨认和控制能力(以下简称"辨控能力")与责任能力司法精神鉴定的差异。方法对2001年1月—2006年10月(第一时段)实施责任能力与2006年11月—2010年10月(第二时段)在刑事案件中实施辨控能力的评定结果进行比较。回访调查上述被鉴定人的法庭判决及鉴定意见的采信情况。调查公、检、法、司等法学界人士对司法精神鉴定相关问题的观点。结果两个时段的鉴定案件类型大致相仿,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但两个时段作出的精神障碍诊断类型,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。第二时段鉴定为正常范围辨控能力和部分辨控能力的人数比例较第一时段多,而完全丧失辨控能力的人数比例较第一时段少(P0.05)。70.5%的法学界人士认为司法精神鉴定"评定辨控能力"有别于"评定刑事责任能力"。94.9%认为"作出精神病症对行为人作案行为的影响及其影响程度"或"作出辨控能力"的司法精神鉴定是符合要求的规范行为。结论评定辨控能力比评定责任能力更符合当前法学要求和自身学科的行为规范。     

GPD1-L基因检测及其与青壮年猝死综合征的相关性

目的探寻甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶样基因(glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene,GPD1-L)的变异位点,讨论其与青壮年猝死综合征(sudden manhood death syndrome,SMDS)的关系。方法提取SMDS组及健康对照组血样的基因组DNA,采用PCR法扩增GPD1-L基因编码区外显子、外显子-内含子交界区以及3′侧翼区序列,直接进行DNA测序以明确遗传变异类型,并进行基因型频率和等位基因频率的统计学分析。结果在SMDS组中共检测到2个变异位点,c.465CT和c.*18GT,后者在SMDS组和对照组中基因型分布和等位基因频率存在一定差异,但无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GPD1-L基因变异与中国人SMDS发生的相关性尚有待进一步研究。     

Norming “Moderation” in an “Iconic Target”: Public Policy and the Regulation of Religious Anxieties in Singapore

The maintenance of a “moderate mainstream” Muslim community as a bulwark against the fraying of harmonious ethnic relations has become a key governance concern post-September 11. In light of the global concern—and often paranoia—with diasporic Islam, Islamic religious institutions and civil society have been portrayed in the popular media as hotbeds of radicalism, promoters of hatred, and recruiters for a “conflict of civilization” between the Muslim world and the modern world. Having declared itself a terrorist's “iconic target,” Singapore has taken a broad-based community approach in advancing inter-religious tolerance, including a subtle initiative to include the “Muslim civil society” in advancing the understanding and the promotion of a moderate brand of Islam in Singapore. This tacit process of regulation (top-down, intra-community and inter-community), while effective, is constrained by the unique governance context in Singapore.