企业技术创新系统的自组织性分析——基于龙能公司案例

企业是技术创新的主体。充分认识企业主体地位、企业家精神、企业文化在企业技术创新系统自组织过程中发挥的重要作用,对于提高企业技术创新水平具有重要现实意义。     

Socioeconomic analysis: A case of Tharparkar

Tharparkar is one of the arid zones of Sindh province which is highly affected due to its drought nature and the changes in climate. These changes are posing the serious threats to the life and livelihood of the surrounding community. This study aims to explore the social and economic conditions of the Tharparkar and the role of government and social enterprises and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to make the livelihood and socioeconomic conditions of the Tharparkar better and comfortable. The data was collected from the current literature, visits to the studied population, and interviews from the common people and some officials of government as well as social enterprises and NGOs.     

‘Hurry no man's cattle’: British rule and suicide in China

The British authorities in the leased territory of Weihaiwei were concerned that too many Chinese, particularly women, resorted to suicide. In response, they made it obligatory to report suicides, educated the public and the police on how to effect rescues, and appointed a medical assistant with special responsibility for suicide rescue work. In spite of being remarkably well informed of the social significance of suicide in China, government efforts to deal with the causes of suicide were limited. In particular, the government did little to alter the circumstances of women in the territory. They provided few opportunities for education and were reluctant to prohibit foot-binding or to discourage families from putting pressure on widows to remarry. The limited response of the government to the problem of suicide was consistent with its general administrative policy of effecting little change to the fabric of life in the Chinese villages. The fact that the magistrates, in their treatment of suicide, expressed a deference to Chinese law, was part and parcel of the same general policy of the British administration of Weihaiwei.     

重塑董事范畴:从形式主义迈向实质主义

我国公司法对董事范畴的界定奉行形式主义,仅承认经过选任所产生的形式董事.该种形式主义的董事界定路径存在明显短板:无法涵盖存在选任瑕疵的董事、失格董事、逾期董事乃至于非为董事但为董事行为者,支配或影响公司行为的幕后主体更是在董事责任的射程之外.在我国公司股权集中的公司治理实践中,形式董事易于受到控股股东或实际控制人的不当影响而失却其固有价值,进而沦为公司治理中的花瓶.相较于形式主义的董事范畴,实质主义的董事范畴能够全面覆盖各类董事的外延类型,锚定我国公司治理中控股股东或实际控制人的不当影响及其责任边界,避免强化控股股东义务对公司组织体产生的过度干涉,夯实董事在公司治理中的核心地位.我国公司法修改应当着力于建构包括事实董事和影子董事在内的实质董事范畴,共同与形式董事构成完整的董事类型体系.对事实董事的界定应当建立在我国董事职权的本土规范基础之上,排除非属于履行董事职权的行为.对影子董事的认定应当重在认定行为人操纵公司董事的行为,并放弃对公司董事会的控制要件.符合前述构成条件的实质董事,与形式董事负担同等法律责任,以厘清股东与公司的行为边界,淳化公司治理体系.     

An Empty Shell? Rethinking the Usury Laws in Medieval Europe

Abstract

Many historians have argued that the usury laws were a dead letter and that usurious practices were widespread during the Middle Ages. This review of canonical rule formation in Europe shows that many contracts were outside the prohibition and that the laws were highly effective. The popularity of financial instruments depended on obtaining the Church's approval, and ecclesiastical tribunals pursued usurers relentlessly. Although it is not possible to measure with any precision the incidence of usury or the effectiveness of the prohibition, arguments of a high incidence of usury do not stand up in the light of evidence from the contemporary legal context.     

“不依法给付行为＂之判决适用研究——基于《行政诉讼法》第11条第1款第6项的展开

我国《行政诉讼法》第11条第l款第6项是行政给付进入诉讼救济的规范基础，但是因其就给付形态的规定过于模糊，导致当事人救济中获得的判决形式不明。将“不依法给付行为”作动态解释，它可以分为“消极不依法之不给付、少给付行为”、“积极不依法之不给付、少给付行为”以及“不依法之完全给付行为”，相应地分别对应履行判决、撤销判决和确认判决。     

Ultimate Legality: Reading the Community of Law

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André-Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, Carol J. Greenhouse, and David Garland. An initial twist: several acute observers would consider the way I read to be the most influential effect of reading on me – a way of reading that extends beyond the specificity of the text yet, in so doing, connects integrally with it. Salvation of specificity is at hand, however. That way of reading is intimately reflective of Derridean deconstruction and a hugely influential reading becomes his ‘Force of Law’. A problem ensues. Other influential reading came before my love of Derrida – influential reading to do with law and society (of course), with decolonization and imperialism, with engaged anthropology, and with critical legal studies. A retrospective revelation then follows. Derridean deconstruction is found to haunt and inform these other readings. They can be read in a way that inherently anticipates deconstruction. Some culminating coherence is offered by the inescapable insistence of community and the mutually intrinsic fusion of community and law.     

哈贝马斯交往行动理论视域下的商议式司法

哈贝马斯的交往行动理论意蕴深邃,它将法律看作动态、开放、互动的行动系统。交往行动的学理资源是语用学;存在方式是商谈;生长土壤是"理想话语情境"。交往行动理论视域下的商议式司法提倡各方当事人以及其他社会民众在有关具体案件的事实认定和法律适用方面采取真诚互动、沟通协商的方式,从而达成理解与共识。商议式司法具有对话性、程序性、伦理性,其价值在于增强裁判结果的可接受性;克服机械司法的缺陷;促进司法民主;遏制司法腐败。     

超相人格分析——大学生心理障碍深层心理根源

长期的心理咨询与治疗过程中,我们发现大学生心理障碍的产生总有各种原因,有现实环境的原因,也有个体本身的原因,对个体来说,其深层心理原因是导致心理障碍的核心根源。而深层心理原因中,大学生的"超相"人格则是重要的原因。这里的"超相"概念为作者首次提出,是根据大学生所反映出来的普遍深层心理问题结合国内外深层心理学思想总结出来的。