Electoral rules and manufacturing legislative supermajority: evidence from Singapore

Electoral authoritarian regimes usually preserve the dominance of the ruling party through electoral fraud, violence and intimidation. This paper focuses on the subtler forms of manipulation that undermine the electoral integrity and democratic outcomes. Specifically, we examine how an unusual electoral rule, involving multimember districts elected through plurality bloc voting for party slates, exaggerates the legislative seat shares of the People’s Action Party (PAP) in Singapore. This rule, used also by other electoral authoritarian regimes, facilitates the manipulation of district magnitude and gerrymandering, especially the ‘stacking’ form, to produce a large disproportionality which distorts the seats–votes linkage. It operates in an undemocratic fashion by precluding the opposition from gaining anything but token seats as long as the PAP remains the plurality-winning party. The importance of this electoral rule and its manipulation has been overlooked in current work that emphasises redistributive strategies or coercion to repress electoral competition.     

社会主义学院教育培训科学化研究

教育培训是统一战线的一项先导性、基础性、战略性工作。社会主义学院要充分发挥统一战线人才教育培养主阵地作用,关键在于推进教育培训科学化,包括教育培训目标明确化、教育培训需求差别化、教育培训内容模块化、教育培训体系结构化、教育培训方式多样化、教育培训评估考核规范化等。而实现科学化必须将“规律”作为切入点、着力点,围绕党外代表人士成长规律,本课题组提出社院教育培训工作应根据不同类型、层次的学员有针对性地进行调整,制定符合教育培训科学规律的课程体系和评估机制,满足各类学员的政治共识教育需求,建构社会主义学院教育培训科学化体系。     

治理的“在场化”:变化社会中的政府治理能力建设研究

以科层制为依托的行政一元化治理模式存在组织形态与思维方式上的局限性,而其伴生的信息劣势和权能短板也导致了治理空白、反应迟缓和治理偏差,这使其在面对转型社会的治理难题时陷入困境。在"一线"构建政府治理场域为变化社会提供了"在场化"的治理方案:科层内部的干部动员机制和科层动员机制实现了信息资源与权能资源在治理"一线"与决策层之间的有效对接与传输,进而使得一线行政主体和上级行政主体分别实现了实质性与虚体性的"在场";而政府推进的社会动员则实现了社会、市场领域的多元行动者由"自在"向"自为"的角色转化,并获得了"在场"的治理主体地位。由此,在治理"一线"形成的以广义政府为权威核心,多元治理主体有机协同的治理场域格局,不仅在工具理性层面矫治了一元治理和科层治理的弊端,弥补了治理目标与治理手段之间的裂隙,也产生了国家与社会相互支持的嵌入式治理的溢出效应,从而以"增能"与"减阻"两个向度强化了变化社会中的政府治理能力。     

用ELISA法进行AB型体液（斑）与A型、B型混和体液（斑）的血型测定和鉴别

在法医物证检案工作中,经常会遇到ABO型血型的判定,一般通过吸收试验、解离试验、以及混和凝集试验就能够进行分型.但在实际工作中,遇到的检材多数并非单一的体液,而是两种或者两种以上体液的混和斑.特别是强奸案的鉴定,阴道内提取的检材常常是由男性精液和女性阴道分泌物的混合物,要从混和斑中判断各自的血型,目前仍较困难.国内外许多学者都进行了有关的实验,试图     

制度选择框架下日本风险投资组织行为新解——读平力群的新作《日本风险投资研究》

"日本型风险投资"滋生于日本多元化官僚经济体制的独特土壤,有别于美国独立型风险投资机构。平力群的《日本风险投资研究》新作是制度选择框架下探究日本风险投资组织行为的最新解,该书构建的"制度选择——组织行为——创新绩效"分析框架凸显了理论创新,建立美国风险投资典型化制度安排参照系体现了研究视角创新,提出了3个创新性观点:一是日本风险投资是其无法完成破坏性创新的症结;二是认识到制度多元化的重要意义;三是日本风险投资模式正处于新旧交易模式并存阶段。对于日本风险投资研究还应着眼于新会计制度改革新背景、客观评价VC宪章、实证检验绩效、开展案例研究等。     

Monique Cormier,The Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over Nationals of Non-States Parties,Cambridge University Press, 2020, 244 pp. £ 85.00 (Hardback) ISBN 978-1-108-49930-9

Criminal Law Forum -     

The applications of MicroCT in studying age-related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation: A scoping review

Conventional dental age estimation relies on destructive methods such as sectioning and staining, which are unpreferable when the tooth is required for evidential or archeological preservation. MicroCT is a non-destructive, high-resolution imaging technique that allows for accurate morphometrical measurement. Although microCT technology has been applied in a variety of dental studies, studies focusing on dental age-related change and dental age estimation based on microCT imaging remain lacking. Based on the question: “How has microCT technology been applied in studying human age-related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation studies?”, the authors conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A literature search using five major scientific databases identified 452 articles, with 11 full-text articles being eligible to be included in the scoping review. Furthermore, 6 out of the 11 studies performed dental age estimation modeling. An overview of the parameters used in the selected articles revealed a variety of tooth characteristics, such as pulp cavity to whole tooth volume ratio, secondary dentin, as well as the diameter of root canal orifice. The findings of this scoping review highlight the extent microCT is used in studying dental age-related changes, as well as the effectiveness of microCT in dental age estimation studies. This review serves as a guide for future forensic odontology age estimation studies.