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611.
David H. Clark Timothy Nordstrom William Reed 《American journal of political science》2008,52(4):763-773
This article argues that foreign policy substitution arises as a result of the costs of foreign policies relative to state resources. States with few resources are constrained in foreign policy choice compared to states with an abundance of resources. As a result, states with few resources will, on average, select, lower‐cost policies than will resource‐rich states. Resource‐rich states, by virtue of their abundant resources, have greater discretion over policy choice and thus behave less uniformly than do resource‐poor states. Our empirical results provide evidence of this and support the argument that substitution is in the variance. 相似文献
612.
613.
Timothy J. Owens Nathan D. Shippee Devon J. Hensel 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(10):1242-1256
Our study of the adolescent life course proposes that substantial maturation occurs within three intertwined arenas of development:
the social, the psychological, and the normative attainment. Further, each arena may be linked, respectively, to three youth
problem dimensions: drinking, depressive affect, and academic achievement. We use latent growth curves and the Youth Development
Study (effective N = 856) to track a panel of teens from their freshman to senior year in high school. There are 54.4% girls and 45.6% boys,
and 75.7% non-Hispanic whites and 24.3% other races/ethnicities. Two research goals are addressed: (1) estimate each dimension’s
unique developmental trajectory across high school, and (2) model the dimensions together in order to assess their reciprocal
influences. While mean levels in all three dimensions increased over time, distinct developmental patterns were observed,
especially in drinking and depression. For example, more drinking occasions—a social activity for most teens—may help assuage
some teens’ emotional distress, especially girls’. These patterns suggest a synergistic relationship between the social and
psychological arenas of development. Contrary to expectation, higher freshman depressive affect was associated with a significantly
sharper increase in GPA over time for girls.
Timothy J. Owens is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Purdue University, West Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Minnesota. His primary research interests are life course contexts, development, and transitions; sociology of mental health; identity and self-concept; and sociology of children and adolescents. His most recent book is From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Vietnam Era (Springer 2005). Other projects include applying role and identity theory to estimating the probability and timing of death among American infantrymen in the Vietnam War. Nathan D. Shippee is a 2008–2009 Fulbright research fellow in Ukraine. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2008. His research interests pertain to social psychology, criminology, criminal justice, and discourse analysis. Current projects include: violent victimization in the life course, wrongful conviction, legal cases regarding parents who kill their partners, stigma management, and national identity. Devon J. Hensel is an Assistant Research Scientist, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2005. Current research interests include: adolescent health and development, sexual health and decision making, gender and longitudinal data analysis. 相似文献
Devon J. HenselEmail: |
Timothy J. Owens is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Purdue University, West Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Minnesota. His primary research interests are life course contexts, development, and transitions; sociology of mental health; identity and self-concept; and sociology of children and adolescents. His most recent book is From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Vietnam Era (Springer 2005). Other projects include applying role and identity theory to estimating the probability and timing of death among American infantrymen in the Vietnam War. Nathan D. Shippee is a 2008–2009 Fulbright research fellow in Ukraine. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2008. His research interests pertain to social psychology, criminology, criminal justice, and discourse analysis. Current projects include: violent victimization in the life course, wrongful conviction, legal cases regarding parents who kill their partners, stigma management, and national identity. Devon J. Hensel is an Assistant Research Scientist, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2005. Current research interests include: adolescent health and development, sexual health and decision making, gender and longitudinal data analysis. 相似文献
614.
Political and economic outcomes depend, in part, on the quality of the officials making policy. Some argue that free elections are the best method for selecting competent officials. Others argue that elections lead to the selection of amateurs and demagogues. We use original data on the biographies of Russian regional governors to examine the backgrounds of elected and appointed governors. Elected governors are more likely to be locals. Appointed governors are more likely to be federal bureaucrats or hold a graduate degree. We conclude the paper by speculating on other possible explanations for variation in governor background. 相似文献
615.
Timothy J. Beck 《Child & Youth Services》2016,37(1):65-77
In Maurice Merleau-Ponty's (1945) Phenomenology of Perception, there is a short chapter at the end of the book dedicated to the concept of freedom. Although brief, and often ignored, this chapter arguably presents the central crux of the thesis Merleau-Ponty works to constitute throughout a majority of the text: namely, that any sort of free action is only truly possible should one recognize, in his or her local circumstances, the reasons and conditions necessary for freedom to be considered at all. This current article takes up this concept of freedom, as well as others such as intercorporeity and the lived-body, as imperative points of consideration for both psychologists and child and youth workers who are interested in transforming communities on a local scale. Some examples of recent empirical research on community intervention are discussed in relation to the aforementioned concepts, with an emphasis on the importance of place and embodiment. 相似文献
616.
Timothy J. Minchin 《Labor History》2016,57(3):299-322
This article explores the role that organized labor played in the landmark presidential election of 2008. In particular, it explores the work of the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO), which ran its biggest ever election campaign in 2008, spending upwards of $250 million. While there is a vibrant emerging literature on the election, particularly from political scientists and former reporters, labor’s role in the story has been largely overlooked. Drawing on new parts of the AFL–CIO’s papers, as well as interviews with key staffers and federation leaders, this article highlights the important – and overlooked – role that labor played in putting Barack Obama into the White House. Especially important were its extensive efforts to educate – and pressure – white members, many of whom had backed other candidates during the Democratic primaries, to support Obama. Indeed, the Washington Post asserted that union members played a ‘pivotal role’ in Obama’s victory, especially in terms of delivering the white vote. It was a conclusion largely supported by exit polls, which showed that white union members were much more likely to support Obama than whites who were not in unions. The article highlights that despite the decline in union density – by this time only about 12% of American workers belonged to unions, compared to 35% in the 1950s – the labor movement retained considerable political influence, chiefly because of reforms carried out by AFL–CIO President John J. Sweeney. While Obama was unable to fulfill many of the expectations generated by his campaign, the story of labor and the 2008 election is an important one in its own right, showing that contemporary labor could still be a powerful and constructive force. 相似文献
617.
Concurrent Trajectories of Change in Adolescent and Maternal Depressive Symptoms in the TORDIA Study
Alexandra?PerloeEmail author Christianne?Esposito-Smythers Timothy?W.?Curby Keith?D.?Renshaw 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(4):612-628
Depression has a heightened prevalence in adolescence, with approximately 15 % of adolescents experiencing a major depressive episode by age 18. Depression in adolescence also poses a risk for future distress and impairment. Despite treatment advances, many adolescents relapse after initial remission. Family context may be an important factor in the developmental trajectory of adolescent depression, and thus in enhancing treatment. This study examined concurrent change over time in adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms in the context of the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents study. Participants were 334 adolescents (mean age: 16; SD: 1.6; 70 % female, 84 % Caucasian), and their mothers (n = 241). All adolescents were clinically depressed when they entered the study and had received previous selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. Adolescents received acute treatment for 12 weeks and additional treatment for 12 more weeks. Adolescent depression and suicidal ideation were assessed at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 weeks, while maternal depressive symptoms were assessed at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 weeks. Latent basis growth curve analyses showed a significant correlation over 72 weeks between trajectories of maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms, supporting the hypothesis of concurrent patterns of change in these variables. The trajectories were correlated more strongly in a subsample that included only dyads in which mothers reported at least one depressive symptom at baseline. Results did not show a correlation between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms change in tandem, and that treatment for adolescent depression can benefit the wider family system. Notably, most mothers in this sample had subclinical depressive symptoms. Future research might explore these trajectories in dyads with more severely depressed mothers. 相似文献
618.
Timothy G. Baumer B.S. Nicholas V. Passalacqua M.S. Brian J. Powell B.S. William N. Newberry M.S. Todd W. Fenton Ph.D. Roger C. Haut Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):993-997
Abstract: This study documents skull fracture characteristics on infant porcine specimens under known impact conditions with respect to age and interface. A single impact causing fracture was conducted on the skull of porcine specimens aged 2–28 days (n = 76). Paired rigid and compliant impacts at the same energy were conducted at each specimen age. Impact force, impact duration, and fracture length were recorded. Energy required to initiate skull fracture increased with specimen age. For a given energy, impact of the skull with a compliant interface caused more fracture damage than with a rigid interface for specimens aged under 17 days, but less damage for specimens aged 24–28 days. The documentation of energy required to cause fracture and resulting fracture propagation with respect to impact interface and age may be of critical importance in forensic investigations of infant skull trauma. 相似文献
619.
Catherine Andrews 《Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies》2016,22(3):163-180
This article compares the Decreto Constitucional para la libertad de la América Mexicana, published in Apatzingán by the insurgents of New Spain in 1814, with the 1812 Constitution of Cádiz which established a constitutional monarchy in the Spanish Empire. It argues that the Decreto Constitucional cannot be understood as simply a product of Hispanic political thought and a reflection of the Cádiz text. Rather, it contends that the decree published in Apatzingán represents an alternative republican response to the dissolution of the Spanish monarchy. This alternate constitutional settlement drew on the debate of constitutional ideas that had taken place in New Spain since 1808 and was grounded in many of the same ideas as those present in the Pennsylvanian Constitution of 1776 and the first French republican constitutions of 1793 and 1795. 相似文献
620.
Richard M. Walker Rhys Andrews George A. Boyne Kenneth J. Meier Laurence J. O’Toole Jr. 《Public administration review》2010,70(5):731-741
New empirical evidence suggests that service performance is shaped by the strategies adopted by public organizations and the networking behavior of public managers. Strategy captures two central behavioral aspects of public organizations: the way in which objectives and actions are selected (processes), and an organization’s approach to service delivery (content). Networking is similarly concerned with the behavior of public managers as they interact with others. These twin themes are linked in an integrated study that explores the relationship between strategy, networking, and service performance within a sample of English local governments. The results show that strategy processes based on rational planning offer long‐run positive effects on public services, as does a strategic proactive stance. 相似文献