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121.
Kuotsai Tom Liou 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(8):1269-1295
This study examined the relationship between organizational commitment and several personal, role, professional, job and organizational factors among juvenile detention workers. The study revealed that (1) commitment is significantly correlated to role ambiguity, supervisor trust, rile matment-oriented attitude toward the detainee, job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational trust, and (2) organizational trust, the treatment attitude. role ambiguity, and job involvement are major predictors of employee commitment to the detention center. Implications concerning the results of this study are discussed. 相似文献
122.
Kuotsai Tom Liou 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(6):955-974
To promote China's modernization and development, the post-Mao Chinese leaders have implemented several reform measures that gradually changed the country's traditional cadre system. This study examines the experience of China's post-Mao administrative reform implemented since the late 1970s. First, the study reviews the background and scope of the administrative reform. It then analyzes several issues that may affect the future development of administrative reform. The implications of the Chinese experience are provided. 相似文献
123.
Municipalities have various motives behind their decisions about the modes of their task execution. Empirical studies have not yet provided a fully satisfying explanation for municipalities’ contracting out decisions. Therefore, we interviewed several Dutch principal municipal managers to evaluate the causes and motives for the choices of the current structures for the delivery of their services. This study investigates the relevance of common public choice and transaction cost motives on contracting out and explores the relevance of additional institutional and pragmatic motives. We found that municipalities do not regularly evaluate the service provision of their activities and the potential benefits of outsourcing. In fact, if the activity has an adequate performance level and complaints from municipal employees, local politicians or inhabitants do not occur, a catalyst for a discussion on the contracting out of this activity is, in general, lacking. Principally in the case of structural underperformance municipalities consider a change of service provider, and then the efficiency motive is most relevant. Thereby, institutional motives – such as the stability of service provision – and pragmatic motives are also relevant. Institutional pressures in particular initiate the evaluation of organisational performance, whereas both economic motives as institutional and pragmatic motives are used to compare alternative service providers. 相似文献
124.
Tom Casier 《欧亚研究》2013,65(7):1377-1395
Russia–EU relations have often been presented in terms of a normative gap, with the EU appearing as a normative and Russia as a non-normative actor. This article critically analyses this ‘normative argument’ which sees this gap as the cause of tensions. Pleading for a less dichotomous approach to norms and interests, it challenges the normative argument on the basis of the assumed congruence between the norm-driven input and norm-promoting output of European foreign policy. As an alternative, the article explores how the normative agenda in Eastern Europe serves instrumental purposes. Selective norm promotion has the potential to change the hierarchy of identities among post-Soviet states. 相似文献
125.
Tom Hashimoto 《欧亚研究》2013,65(8):1683-1684
126.
Tomás Dodds 《Democratization》2013,20(2):343-344
Privatisation and Liberalisation in the Middle East edited by Iliya Harik and Denis J. Sullivan. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1992. Pp.vi + 242; index. £30 (hardback); £12.99 (paperback). ISBN 0 253 32697 4 and 0 253 20748 7 Prospects for Democracy: North, South, East, West edited by David Held. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993. Pp.412; index. £45 (hardback); £14.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 7456 0988 0 and 0 7456 0989 9 The Road to Post‐Communism, Independent Political Movements in the Soviet Union 1985–1991 by Geoffrey A. Hosking, Jonathan Aves and Peter F.S. Duncan. London and New York: Pinter Publishers, 1992. Pp.x + 236; bibliography; index. £37.50 (hardback); £12.99 (paperback). ISBN 1 85567 080 1 and 1 85567 081 X 相似文献
127.
Scott Allardyce Daniel Byrne Tom Ohta Sam Tuxford Mark Watts Faye Weedon Osman Zafar Libby Amos Briony Pollard 《Computer Law & Security Report》2013,29(2):185-189
This is the regular edition of the Bristows column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and telecommunications. This news article summarises recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, e-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside websites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. 相似文献
128.
William H. Simon, The Practice of Justice: A Theory of Lawyers’ Ethics Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998, viii + 253 pp. 相似文献
129.
Welfare reforms involve trade‐off between different accountability types, such as political, administrative, legal and social accountability. This variety of accountability types is used to investigate consequences of reforms in three different welfare services in Norway; social services, hospitals and immigration. The study finds that more complex, dynamic and layered accountability forms are emerging, but that there are some differences across reform areas. The reforms in immigration seem to change accountability relations the most in hospitals, administrative and political accountability is up against professional accountability, and we see that politicians lack overall capacity and have to rely on administrative accountability in social services. In order to analyze how reforms affect accountability relations one has to study both the formal and informal changes, as well as the relationship between politics and professionalism. 相似文献
130.
Tom Appleby 《Liverpool Law Review》2009,30(2):101-113
This paper examines the Marine and Coastal Access Bill as it was tabled on 8th December 2008. It explores the failure of the
Bill to include marine protection of over 3,000,000 km2 of the waters associated with overseas territories and Crown dependencies. It explains the necessity for close liaison with
the European Commission and with the devolved administrations in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, where responsibility
for marine governance is not clear cut. It expresses some disappointment in the failure of the Bill to cover questions of
ownership of marine resources in particular the right to fish, which remains held under ancient and flawed common law rules.
The paper then investigates the content of the Bill, looking at the role and functions of the Marine Management Organisation
including licensing of fishing vessels, wind farm consenting/creation of safety zones, consents under the Wildlife and Countryside
Act, research, advice, assistance, training, and prosecutions. The Bill also establishes a framework for marine planning with
potential for the creation of marine plans and marine policy statements covering the waters of England and Wales to the edge
of the UK Exclusive Economic Zone. Such plans and statements will have persuasive effects on the organisations involved in
marine management, but will not be completely binding. The Bill creates powers to licence numerous activities and if necessary
delegate licensing function to the bodies such as the Marine Management Organisation. It also established new powers for the
creation of Marine Conservation Zones. The paper explores the narrow purposes for which these Marine Conservation Zones and
created, and contrasts these unfavourably with the draft Scottish Marine Bill, which permits Marine Conservation Zones for
such purposes as community interest. The paper also acknowledges that no target has been set for the creation of Marine Conservation
Zones, and raises some concerns over whether Marine Conservation Zones contain severe enough penalties, particularly in respect
of commercial fishing where there is a specific exemption for fisheries damage. The paper explores the function of the new
Inshore Fisheries Authorities which will replace existing Sea Fisheries Committees, but raises concerns that the new organisations
will still remain vulnerable to conflicts of interests because of their membership. 相似文献