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Tracy M. Scull Janis B. Kupersmidt Jennifer Toller Erausquin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(5):717-728
Media-related cognitions are a unique influence on adolescents’ substance use outcomes even after accounting for the powerful influence of parent and peers. This cross-sectional study expands upon prior research by investigating the impact of media-related cognitions on children’s alcohol and tobacco outcomes in the context of parental and peer substance use. Six hundred forty-nine elementary school children (M = 9.4 years of age, SD = 1.1 years; 51 % female) completed self-report questionnaires. After accounting for peer and parental substance use, children’s media-related cognitions were independently associated with three outcomes: preferences for alcohol-branded merchandise, moral beliefs about underage alcohol and tobacco use, and intentions to use alcohol and tobacco. Children’s perceptions of the desirability and realism of alcohol and tobacco ads—and their similarity to and identification with these ads—predicted greater intentions to use. Desirability and identification with alcohol and tobacco ads were associated with stronger preferences for alcohol-branded merchandise, and understanding advertising’s persuasive intent predicted weaker preferences. Media deconstruction skills predicted stronger beliefs that underage alcohol and tobacco use is wrong. Peer and parental substance use were associated with stronger substance-use intentions among children and weaker feelings that substance use is wrong. The findings highlight the role of media influence in contributing to youth substance use and the potential role of media literacy education in the early prevention of substance use. 相似文献
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This article is written as a response to the Martindale et al. critique of the Ackerman and Pritzl (2011) child custody evaluation practices article. The Martindale et al. critique focuses on a small portion of the overall results regarding test usage and suggests that the entire article is “flawed and deficient.” However, their critique engages in confirmatory bias and exaggerated statements and ignores the overall value of the article in general. A more broad‐based explanation of the results is provided herein. 相似文献
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Tracy Lightcap 《New Political Science》2013,35(2):245-260
In this article I present a critique of efforts to extend the “rule of law model” to developing countries by the transfer of American legal institutions. I examine a popular American literary text, Steven Vincent Benet's The Devil and Daniel Webster, to reveal a basic contradiction between constitutionalism and democracy in American legal culture. I analyze the rule of law model as a discourse, relating the transfer of these contradictory values to unintended results of legal reform recently reported in Costa Rica. Finally, I present conclusions about how transferring the values of American legal culture through legal reforms is related to judicialization in developing countries. 相似文献
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Adolescence heralds a unique period of vulnerability to depressive symptoms. This longitudinal study examined relational victimization in adolescents?? peer relationships as a unique predictor of depressive symptoms among a primarily (85%) Caucasian sample of 540 youth (294 females) concurrently and across a 6-year period. The moderating effects of emotional support received from mothers, fathers, and peers on the association between relational victimization and adolescents?? depressive symptoms were also investigated. Findings revealed that adolescents who were relationally victimized consistently had higher depressive symptoms than their non-victimized peers. However, high levels of emotional support from fathers buffered this relationship over time. Emotional support from mothers and peers also moderated the longitudinal relationship between relational victimization and depressive symptoms, with high levels of support predicting increases in adolescents?? symptoms. Relational victimization presents a clear risk for depressive symptoms in adolescence, and emotional support may serve either a protective or vulnerability-enhancing role depending on the source of support. 相似文献
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Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman Julia A. Graber Tracy R. Nichols Gilbert J. Botvin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(1):48-58
The theory of sensation seeking has conceptualized this construct as a stable personality trait associated with a variety
of problem behaviors. Reckless behavior theory posits that increases in reckless behavior during adolescence can be attributed,
in part, to increases in sensation seeking. This study evaluated patterns of stability and change in sensation seeking among
868 urban, minority youth (53% female), followed longitudinally across middle school (6th–8th grades). Group-based trajectory
analysis identified a stable low group (20%), a moderate increasing group (60%), and a stable high group (20%) each of which
demonstrated unique associations with changes in problem behaviors. Stable low sensation seekers reported consistently low
levels of aggression, delinquency, and substance use across middle school. Moderate increasing sensation seekers reported
significant increases in these risk behaviors over time from levels near zero in the 6th grade. Stable high sensation seekers
reported high, stable levels of aggression and delinquency upon entry into middle school as well as significant increases
in substance use across middle school. These results lend support to both theories and highlight a need for caution when categorizing
adolescents as high or low sensation seekers. 相似文献
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Jonathan Goldner Tracy L. Peters Maryse H. Richards Steven Pearce 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(2):174-186
This study examined protective and risky companionship and locations for exposure to community violence among African American
young adolescents living in high crime, urban areas. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM), an in vivo data collection method,
was employed to gather information from 233 students (62% female) over 3 years, beginning in the 6th grade. Questionnaire
variables of exposure to community violence were regressed onto ESM companionship and location variables, cross-sectionally
and longitudinally, separately for boys and girls. At different points, time spent with parents, in school, and outside in
private space was associated with less exposure to violence for boys and girls, while time spent with girls was protective
for boys. In addition, time spent outside in public and with older peers was associated with increased risk for boys and girls.
These findings are discussed in relation to previous and potential future research, and to strategies to prevent exposure
to community violence. 相似文献
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