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151.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Ulrich Lächler 《Public Choice》1984,44(3):411-430
This essay argues that politically motivated business cycles could persist in a democratic society even if the electorate votes in a rational, fully informed manner, provided that government policymakers have the means to systematically generate macroeconomic fluctuations. This cyclic outcome reflects the pReferences of an electorate that is composed of imperfectly altruistic voters belonging to different overlapping generations. Since each generation has a different horizon over which it would like to have elected politicians provide an optimal economic policy plan, an intergenerational conflict of interests situation arises. This conflict is placed into an explicit political context, whereby cycles become generated under the institutional constraint of periodic elections. 相似文献
154.
Ulrich Thießen 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2004,37(1):1-23
Effects of fiscal federalism on redistribution and economic growth are analyzed for Ukraine, a country with large regional differences. Since there is virtually no such empirical literature, except a study of the German case, and since there are several potential flaws, the results must be interpreted in a very tentative way. We find that this relatively poor, disorganized country with little democracy has effectively redistributed income from relatively wealthy to relatively poor regions and thus promoted regional economic convergence, and even dampened the recession in both types of regions. We also find that the evidence does not reject the view that relatively poor regions used the transfers in a growth-conducive fashion, and the paper argues that the findings may have implications beyond the case of Ukraine. But the analysis is tricky, uncertain, and merely a small step to an interesting research issue. 相似文献
155.
Toxicological analyses of blood and/or urine specimens collected between 1980 and 1981 revealed that 34.7% of all traffic accident victims (n = 144) had measurable concentrations of drugs. Analyses of blood samples taken from traffic offenders (n = 250) in 1979, on the other hand, showed 22.4% to have consumed drugs with or without alcohol. This percentage is comparable with values reported in other studies. Our results indicate that the widespread use of drugs represents a hazard for traffic safety in Switzerland. Road safety is additionally jeopardized by the often concomitant consumption of alcohol. 相似文献
156.
Lijphart's spectrum of democracies – recently expanded by Jack Nagel to a sub-majoritarian sphere of pluralitarian systems which use disproportional electoral systems in order to manufacture majority governments from minorities in the electorate – is based on only one dimension: inclusion of preferences. Political scientists in the Lijphartian tradition wrongly assume that inclusion of preferences, which is an input characteristic, automatically leads to responsiveness, which refers to actual policy decisions and hence is an output characteristic. We therefore add 'responsibility' as a second input characteristic and employ it alongside the inclusiveness of institutional regimes. We argue that in representative democracies there exists a trade-off between inclusiveness and responsibility. This trade-off helps us to measure the democratic quality of institutional regimes. The now expanded spectrum of democracies based on these two dimensions shows that majoritarian democracy proper – in which governments represent a majority of individual preferences but not more than necessary – is the best possible combination of the two democratic values. 相似文献
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Ulrich Torggler 《Juristische Bl?tter》2008,130(3):137-157
Zu den bedeutendsten Neuerungen durch das Handelsrechts-?nderungsgesetz, BGBl I 2005/120, z?hlen die §§ 38 f UGB, nach denen
der Erwerber eines Unternehmens vorbehaltlich abweichender Vereinbarung mit dem Ver?u?erer die bestehenden unternehmensbezogenen
Rechtsverh?ltnisse übernimmt. Dadurch sollen vor allem Schuld- und Vertragsübernahmen im Zuge von Unternehmensübertragungen
erleichtert werden. Im übrigen sind Reichweite und Wirkungsweise der Neuregelung unklar. Als Eckpunkte lassen sich die Behandlung
der unternehmensbezogenen Rechtsverh?ltnisse des Ver?u?erers als Unternehmenszubeh?r und die Ersetzung der bürgerlich-rechtlichen
Zustimmungsrechte Dritter durch nachtr?gliche Widerspruchsrechte identifizieren. Damit erleichtern die §§ 38 f UGB eine stichtagsbezogene
Verfügung beim so genannten asset deal. 相似文献
160.