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51.
JEHANGIR POCHA HA JIN WOLE SOYINKA ORHAN PAMUK VALÉRY GISCARD D'ESTAING SONIA GANDHI ABUDURRAHMAN WAHI JOSE RAMOS‐HORTA SHARIF ALI BIN AL HUSSEIN PETER BOUCKAERT WESLEY CLARK RICHARD HOLBROOKE BOUTROS BOUTROS‐GHALI SCOTT RITTER ROLF EKEUS LULA DA SILVA SEBASTIAN EDWARDS ALVARO VARGAS LLOSA BILL CLINTON RICHARD PERLE JOSEPH ROTBLAT GÜNTER GRASS BORIS BEREZOVSKY MIKHAIL GORBACHEV JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH SHIMON PERES 《新观察季刊》2008,25(1):28-31
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RAFAEL HERNÁNDEZ MARÍN 《Ratio juris》1991,4(3):322-333
Abstract. One of the theses of the present work is that, at the strictly logical and methodological level, practical logic has neither made, nor can it make any contribution to the philosophy of law, since none of the three branches of practical logic that have been taken into account, namely, the logic of norms, deontic logic and legal logic, seems to be theoretically possible. The contribution of practical logic to the analysis of legal language is assessed in terms of both the instruments of analysis elaborated by practical logic, the artificial languages, and the results obtained in two capital subjects, the negations of norms and the permissions. 相似文献
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VIRGÍLIO AFONSO DA SILVA 《European Journal of Political Research》2006,45(1):31-41
Abstract. The purpose of this article is to relocate Duverger's Laws within the debate about the effects of electoral systems on the number of parties. Although Duverger's theory has always been seen as the best example of a purely institutionalist approach to the issue, it is possible to argue that this is only true if one overemphasises the meaning of the laws without considering Duverger's justification and explanations for them. However, if one takes into consideration not only the laws, but also Duverger's theories about the effects of electoral systems on the number of parties as a whole, one can argue that his theses do not have a purely institutionalist character and can therefore coexist with theories that try to take into account variables other than electoral rules. 相似文献
56.
社会转型与中国特色的政党政治建构——关于多党合作制度形成原因的历史考察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国社会转型促使了中国政党政治的兴起。中国政党政治经历了多党竞争、一党独裁和多党合作的历程,最后确立了多党合作的政党政治模式,实现了中国政治社会的转型。这种新型的政党政治模式有着巨大的社会动员能力,它的设计与建立契合了中国的传统与国情。 相似文献
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JAVIER BELTRAN AINA GALLEGO ALBA HUIDOBRO ENRIQUE ROMERO LLUÍS PADRÓ 《European Journal of Political Research》2021,60(1):239-251
How does the language of male and female politicians differ when they communicate directly with the public on social media? Do citizens address them differently? We apply Lasso logistic regression models to identify the linguistic features that most differentiate the language used by or addressed to male and female Spanish politicians. Male politicians use more words related to politics, sports, ideology and infrastructure, while female politicians talk about gender and social affairs. The choice of emojis varies greatly across genders. In a novel analysis of tweets written by citizens, we find evidence of gender-specific insults, and note that mentions of physical appearance and infantilising words are disproportionately found in text addressed to female politicians. The results suggest that politicians conform to gender stereotypes online and reveal ways in which citizens treat politicians differently depending on their gender. 相似文献
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CAROL GALAIS JOSÉ LUIS FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ JOAN FONT GRAHAM SMITH 《European Journal of Political Research》2021,60(4):807-828
The characteristics of participatory institutions can be articulated in three main dimensions: input, process and output. The common assumption is that a dependency relationship exists, with process serving as a mediator between input and output. This paper puts the model to a rare empirical test drawing on a unique dataset of 70 Spanish advisory councils. Through a combination of exploratory factor and path analyses, we analyse the dimensionality of input, process and output and investigate the direct and indirect impact of inputs on process and outputs. Our analysis provides evidence that input factors have a direct impact on the output factor transparency, but their impact on effects on policy and participant satisfaction is mediated by the process factor deliberation. Further, the capacity of the public administration to steer the advisory council (wardship) mediates negatively the impact of input variables on transparency. The analysis provides a nuanced account of how different input and process design characteristics of participatory institutions have profound direct and indirect effects on their outputs. 相似文献
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This paper presents evidence of the effects on subnational financial dependence of the intergovernmental fiscal agreement implemented in 1980. In contrast with a previous study that uses annual time series national data, we use a panel of annual time series (1975–1995) of 31 Mexican states. We propose and estimate three different empirical models using the fixed effects panel data approach. In concordance with previous literature, we find strong statistical evidence that the implementation of the agreement increased financial dependence. The main contribution of this paper is to distinguish the effect of the 1980 fiscal arrangement on every state's degree of financial dependence. 相似文献