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191.
Ketty Anyeko Erin Baines Emon Komakech Boniface Ojok Lino Owor Ogora Letha Victor 《Human Rights Review》2012,13(1):107-124
Recent national and international debates on truth and reconciliation in Uganda have emphasized the importance of incorporating
local-level mechanisms into a national transitional justice strategy. The Juba Peace Talks represented an opportunity to develop
and articulate sufficient and just alternatives and complementary mechanisms to the international criminal model. The most
commonly debated mechanism is the Acholi process known as mato oput (drinking the bitter root), a restorative justice approach to murder. Drawing on 2 months of research in nine internally
displaced persons’ camps in 2007, we examine local justice practices in the region of northern Uganda to consider their potential,
promise and pitfalls to realizing a successful truth-telling process. We find that although local mechanisms could help facilitate
reconciliation in the region, truth-telling is but one part of a conciliatory process complicated by a national context of
fear and the complexity of the victim–perpetrator identity at the community level. These locally informed insights help move
forward the debate on such mechanisms in Uganda and add useful insights into community processes in the field of transitional
justice more generally. 相似文献
192.
Adam Smith or Machiavelli? Political incentives for contracting out local public services 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Why do some local governments deliver public services directly while others rely on providers from the private sector? Previous literature on local contracting out and on the privatization of state-owned enterprises have offered two competing interpretations on why center-right governments rely more on private providers. Some maintain that center-right politicians contract out more because, like Adam Smith, they believe in market competition. Others claim that center-right politicians use privatization in a Machiavellian fashion; it is used as a strategy to retain power, by ??purchasing?? the electoral support of certain constituencies. Using a unique dataset, which includes the political attitudes of over 8,000 Swedish local politicians from 290 municipalities for a period of 10 years, this paper tests these ideological predictions together with additional political economy factors which have been overlooked in previous studies, such as the number of veto players. Results first indicate support for the Machiavellian interpretation, as contracting out increases with electoral competition. Second, irrespective of ideological concerns, municipalities with more veto players in the coalition government contract out fewer services. 相似文献
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196.
Victor Galaz Henrik Österblom Örjan Bodin Beatrice Crona 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2016,16(2):189-221
The existence of “tipping points” in human–environmental systems at multiple scales—such as abrupt negative changes in coral reef ecosystems, “runaway” climate change, and interacting nonlinear “planetary boundaries”—is often viewed as a substantial challenge for governance due to their inherent uncertainty, potential for rapid and large system change, and possible cascading effects on human well-being. Despite an increased scholarly and policy interest in the dynamics of these perceived “tipping points,” institutional and governance scholars have yet to make progress on how to analyze in which ways state and non-state actors attempt to anticipate, respond, and prevent the transgression of “tipping points” at large scales. In this article, we use three cases of global network responses to what we denote as global change-induced “tipping points”—ocean acidification, fisheries collapse, and infectious disease outbreaks. Based on the commonalities in several research streams, we develop four working propositions: information processing and early warning, multilevel and multinetwork responses, diversity in response capacity, and the balance between efficiency and legitimacy. We conclude by proposing a simple framework for the analysis of the interplay between perceived global change-induced “tipping points,” global networks, and international institutions. 相似文献
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China has provided billions of dollars in loans to African countries with no strings attached compared with Western financial aid. Although the argument that China is exploiting Africa for its resources has often clouded Beijing's continued support for Africa, many African leaders have welcomed China's economic assistance and have begun to see China as a more reliable partner compared with the West. By strictly examining relevant literature on Sino–African relations, this study comprehensively explores the dynamics, implications, and benefits of Chinese investments in Africa. Whether China is indeed exploiting Africa, which will continue to be debated, it is clear that Chinese investments have contributed significantly to the development of Africa and will continue to do so as the West has been replaced by Beijing as Africa's biggest trading partner. African countries are therefore likely to continue strengthening their relationship with China further jeopardising the interests of West in the continent. 相似文献
199.
This study explores the intra-household impact of improved dual-purpose cowpea (IDPC) from a gender perspective, in terms of productivity and food, fodder, and income availability, the impact of which is linked to the income thus placed in the women's hands. Surplus income is important in providing food and nutritional benefits to the home, particularly during periods of risk. More importantly, income generated through the adoption of improved cowpea varieties has entered a largely female domain, where transfers of income reserves were passed on between women of different ages, with significant impact in terms of social and economic development. However, the technology has strengthened the separation of working spheres between men and women. Future technologies should, from the outset, explore provisions existing within the local rubric, to focus on women with the aim of expanding their participation in agriculture with the associated benefits to their families. 相似文献
200.
Determining Factors of the Effectiveness of IP-based Spin-offs: Comparing the Netherlands and the US
Rudi Bekkers Victor Gilsing Marianne van der Steen 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2006,31(5):545-546
In this paper we describe and analyse IP-based spin-offs as a relatively new phenomenon for transferring knowledge from science
to industry. We argue that the effectiveness of this mechanism is subject to a complex array of institutional factors. These
factors entail national, sectoral, regional and managerial institutions. Based on an indicative comparison between the Netherlands
and the United States we find that is especially the combination of national and sectoral institutions that condition whether
an IP-based spin-off is established in the first place, whereas regional and managerial institutions condition its subsequent
chances of success. We finish by formulating some notions for public policy. 相似文献