Identity development and formal operations as sources of adolescent egocentrism

The self-concerns and social expectations that are part of the identity development process may lead adolescents to think that others survey them for signs of individuality. The novelty of identity development may also lead to feelings of uniqueness and invulnerability. The imaginary audience and personal fable may therefore stem from identity development and not from the emergence of formal operations. In this study high school and first-year university students (N=255) completed measures of adolescent egocentrism, identity development, and formal operations. Egocentrism was moderately associated with higher scores on identity crisis and identity achievement, and with lower scores on identity diffusion. There was no significant relationship between egocentrism and the emergence of formal operations.Received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Victoria. His main interests are in personality, social and developmental psychology.Currently completing a master's degree at Lakehead University. Interests are in social and clinical psychology.     

Healthy and maladjusted Type A behavior in adolescents

The dimensions of Type A behavior were studied in 990 randomly selected adolescents and their conceptualization was clarified in terms of achievement striving, self-concept, and sense of control. The methods used were the AFMS to evaluate Type A behavior, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. Achievement striving was assessed using the questionnaire designed for this study. It was revealed that Type A consisted of two independent dimensions, both adding an equal contribution to the total score. One was an impatient, aggressive competitiveness related to a low self-esteem, low self-set achievement standards, and external locus of control. The other Type A exhibited competitiveness related to a sense of responsibility, leadership, social activity, high achievement striving, and high self-esteem. These factors may distinguish maladjusted competitiveness from healthy ambition and suggest that it is important to distinguish risk Type A individuals from Type A's who are potential leaders in society.Received Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Helsinki, Finland. Her major research interest is psychosomatic medicine.     

Characteristics of an effective statistical system

Abstract: The objective of a national statistical system is to provide relevant, comprehensive, accurate and objective (politically untainted) statistical information. There are multiple uses for the information collected, but generally statistics are invaluable for monitoring the country's economic and social conditions, the planning and evaluation of government and private-sector programs and investments, policy debates and advocacy, and the creation and maintenance of an informed public. This paper discusses ten broad criteria for evaluating the efficiency of a national statistical system: the broad framework, including the legal one, as well as the rank and standing of the chief statistician; professional core values; non-political objectivity and the means used to ensure this; systems and approaches used to assess and meet federal priorities; systems and approaches used to assess and meet provincial (state) priorities; systems and approaches to assess and meet other users' priorities; mechanisms for the coordination of the statistical system; balancing priorities against available resources; serving the needs of different client groups; and generating a supportive environment. Sommaire: Le systéme statistique national vise à fournir des données pertinentes, complètes, exactes et objectives, ?est-à-dire à l'abri de l'ingérence politique. Cette information contribue à la réalisation de nombreux objectifs: elle permet de suivre l'évolution de la conjoncture économique et sociale du pays, de planifier et d'evaluer les programmes et les investissements dans les secteurs public et privé, de tenir des discussions sur les politiques et les défendre, ainsi que de voir à ce que le public soit toujours bien renseigné. Dix critères géneraux d'évaluation des systèmes statistiques nationaux sont analysés dans l'exposé: le cadre généaral, entre autres le volet juridique et la place occupée par le statisticien en chef; les valeurs professionnelles fondamentales; l'objectivité non politique et les mesures prises pour l'assurer; les systèmes et les méthodes servant àévaluer et respecter les priorites fédérates; les systèmes et les méthodes servant àévaluer et respecter les priorités des provinces (les états); les systèmes et les méthodes servant %aG évaluer et respecter les priorités d'autres utilisateurs; les mécanismes de coordination du système statistique; la mise en équilibre des priorités en fonction des ressources disponibles; la satisfaction des besoins de différents groupes de clients; la création d'un environnement favorable.     

Adoptees' portrayal of the development of family structure

Young adult adoptees and nonadoptees provided retrospective accounts of family relationships from infancy to young adulthood. Adoptive families were portrayed as more cohesive and adaptable than nonadoptive families. Adoptive fathers were recalled as being closer to their children then were nonadoptive fathers in the years preceding adolescence. Within the same time frame, adoptive mothers were drawn in a less hierarchical relation to their children than were other parents. Also, while adoptive males saw themselves as presently unconnected to their adoptive parents, adopted females perceived themselves as more connected to their parents in the present than any other period of time. Openness of communication and acknowledgment of difference in adoptive family formation varied with graphic retrospective accounts. Results were considered in terms of discontinuities between reported observations of adoptive families and adoptees' personal reflections on family developmental history.Received PhD in clinical psychology from the State University of New York at Stony Book. Research interests: adoptive family relations, social attributions of children and their parents.Received M.A. from the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. Research interests: development of identity, adoption.Received Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Toronto. Research interests: attribution, jealousy, parents' theories of child psychology.     

Negative affect and hormone levels in young adolescents: Concurrent and predictive perspectives

The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses regarding (1) relations among negative affect and hormones of gonadal and adrenal origin in young adolescents, at three times of measurement, over a one-year period; and (2) stability of negative affect. The sample consisted of 10- to 14-year-old boys (N=56) and 9- to 14-year-old girls (N=52). The adolescents were assessed three times at 6-month intervals over one year. Serum levels of gonadotropins, gonadal steroids, adrenal androgens, and cortisol were assessed, as well as stage of pubertal development (Tanner criteria). The negative affect assessments consisted of self-report questionnaire and interview measures of anxiety and depressive affect, as well as mother reports of internalizing behavior problems. In the concurrent (cross-sectional) analyses, boys reporting higher levels of negative affect tended to be those at higher genital stage or older age, with lower testosterone and cortisol levels and lower dehydroepian-drosterone sulphate levels. In the longitudinal analyses, negative affect, and to a lesser extent hormone levels at the first time of measurement predicted negative affect 12 months later. The findings suggest that puberty-related hormone levels should be considered along with psychological characteristics in examining the processes involved in the development of negative affect during the pubertal years.Received Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State University. Research interests include hormone-behavior interactions and emotional development.Received Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State University. Research interests include neuroendocrinology and adolescent depression.Recieved M.D. from Athens University. Research interests include hypothalamic releasing factors and stress.