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排序方式: 共有213条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Bennis Wai Yip So 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2015,74(3):312-323
As a legacy of Imperial China, the Taiwan civil service entrance examination (CSEE) represents the hallmark of a unique exam‐centred meritocracy, in which government agencies and public managers are deprived of selection power. This system diverges from the trend of managerialism in Anglo‐Saxon countries. This paper argues that the evolution of meritocracy in Taiwan has been built around the CSEE and has contributed to a top‐down state‐building approach. The current system is a product of a long‐term power struggle among the Examination Yuan, government agencies, and civil service examinees. In contrast to the popular framework of patronage versus merit, the policy debate in Taiwan is better framed as whether or not recruitments are made on the basis of competitive examination. The value of ‘equality’ is upheld at the expense of the value of ‘competence’. 相似文献
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Improving irrigation systems in Asian countries has been a high priority for the allocation of international aid. Substantial
funds have been allocated to adopt the “best practices” of hiring external water engineers to construct modern systems to
replace those that farmers built. These expensive investments have infrequently led to long-term improvement in the operation
of irrigation systems in Asia. In this article, we examine the process and impact of an innovative irrigation assistance project
that was initially undertaken in Nepal in the mid-1980s. We analyze data obtained over three time periods related to changes
in system structure and performance over time. We trace the unfolding patterns of improved engineering infrastructure across
time depending on the way it interacts with other factors to affect long-term irrigation performance. We examine some of the
key variables that are likely to affect the diverse and complex patterns of change. We also undertake analysis of the configural
impact of core variables using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). We find that the initial and later investments in system
infrastructure are only one factor that helps to generate short-term improvement. Unless farmers encourage local entrepreneurs
and organize themselves, create their own rules or use sanctions, and augment their rules through collective action, infrastructure
investment alone is not sufficient to achieve sustainable higher performance. 相似文献
156.
Han E Yang W Lee S Kim E In S Choi H Lee S Chung H Song JM 《Forensic science international》2011,206(1-3):e85-e92
The quantitative analysis of 11-nor-D(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in hair requires a sensitive method to detect a low-pg level. Before applying the method to real hair samples, the method was validated; in this study, we examined the uncertainty obtained from around the cut-off level of THCCOOH in hair. We calculated the measurement uncertainty (MU) of THCCOOH in hair as follows: specification of the measurand, identification of parameters using "cause and effect" diagrams, quantification of the uncertainty contributions using three factors, the uncertainty of weighing the hair sample, the uncertainty from calibrators and the calibration curve, and the uncertainty of the method precision. Finally, we calculated the degrees of freedom and the expanded uncertainty (EU). The concentration of THCCOOH in the hair sample with its EU was (0.60 ± 0.1) × 10(-4)ng/mg. The relative uncertainty percent for the measurand 0.60 × 10(-4)ng was 9.13%. In this study, we also selected different concentrations of THCCOOH in real hair samples and then calculated the EU, the relative standard uncertainty (RSU) of the concentration of THCCOOH in the test sample [u(r)(c0)], the relative uncertainty percent, and the effective degree of freedom (v(eff)). When the concentrations of THCCOOH approached the cut-off level, u(r)(c0) and the relative uncertainty percent increased but absolute EU and v(eff) decreased. 相似文献
157.
In this study, we investigated the patterns of cannabis users (n=412) according to their sex, age, and the results of urinalysis and hair analysis, and classified the concentrations of THCCOOH in hair into three categories to examine the levels of cannabis use. We also compared the concentrations of THCCOOH in hair root, hair without the hair root and whole hair and examined the relationship among them according to the results of urinalysis. The hair samples were washed, digested with 1ml of 1M NaOH at 85°C for 30min and extracted with 2ml of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) two times after adding 1ml of 0.1N sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and 200μl of acetic acid. The final mixture was derivatized with 50μl of PFPA and 25μl of PFPOH for 30min at 70°C. The solution was evaporated, and the residue was reconstituted in 40μl of ethyl acetate and transferred to an autosampler vial. One microlitre was injected into the GC/MS/MS-NCI system. The concentrations of THCCOOH ranged from 0.06 to 33.44pg/mg (mean 2.96; median 1.32) in hair from cannabis users who had positive urine results and ranged from 0.05 to 7.24pg/mg (mean 1.35; median 0.37) in hair from cannabis users who had negative urine results. The average concentration of THCCOOH in hair from cannabis users who had positive urine results was higher than that from cannabis users who had negative urine results. Male cannabis users in their forties were predominant. We classified the concentrations of THCCOOH in hair into three groups (low, medium and high), and could use the grouping of THCCOOH in hair as a guide for determining the level of use. The low, medium and high concentration ranges for THCCOOH in hair were 0.05-0.24, 0.25-2.60 and 2.63-33.44pg/mg, respectively. We also investigated 28 hair samples with the root. The highest concentrations of THCCOOH were seen in the hair root from 18 out of the 28 hair samples. The average concentrations of THCCOOH in hair root, hair without hair root and whole hair from cannabis users who had positive urine results were higher than those who had negative urine results. 相似文献
158.
Y-chromosome STR haplotype profiling in the Korean population 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim YJ Shin DJ Kim JM Jin HJ Kwak KD Han MS Choi SK Kim W 《Forensic science international》2001,115(3):231-237
Allele and haplotype frequencies of seven Y-chromosome STR loci were determined from a sample of 330 unrelated males in the Korean population. 相似文献
159.
The frequency distributions of eight STR loci were surveyed in 510 unrelated individuals from the Korean population 相似文献
160.
Donald J. Johnson M.S. Cheryl Andersen M.S. Katherine A. Scriven M.S. Amberly N. Klein M.S. Mo Re Choi B.S. Cindy Carroll Ph.D. Ray D. de Leon Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(3):735-742
Bloodstain pattern analysis to determine the wound‐of‐origin of bloodstains is problematic with nonspecific patterns. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the authors examined a molecular approach to correlate bloodstains with injuries using the rat as a model. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the rat brain marker, rno‐miR‐124‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System and real‐time PCR analysis. Rno‐miR‐124‐3p was detected in brain homogenates diluted 100,000 times; in 3‐week‐old, room temperature stored, simulated brain–blood stains; and in bloodstains from head gunshot wounds collected with swabs and subsequently frozen for 9–18 months; however, rno‐miR‐124‐3p was not detected in whole blood. Proof‐of‐principle was demonstrated by the ability to distinguish bloodstains from a gunshot wound to the head versus bloodstains from a gunshot wound to the chest, by the testing of otherwise identical bloodstains from the two patterns for the presence of the marker. The results suggest a viable approach to a longstanding problem in casework. 相似文献