海峡两岸夫妻财产制之比较

<正> 海峡两岸的夫妻财产制度,在两岸的法律中占有相当重要的位置。1981年实施的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》(下简称大陆婚姻法),在第三章家庭关系、第四章离婚中分别规定了夫妻财产制度。台湾1931年实施1985年修正的《中华民国民法》(下简称台民法)在第四编亲属的第二章中规定了夫妻财产制度。由于两岸政治经济制度的根本差异,夫妻财产法律制度必然存在诸多区别。但是,两岸既然同属一个民族,有相同的历史和文化传统,所以,在夫妻财产制度的某些方面又有相同之处。本文将对两者的异同作一比较。     

我国宪法言论自由条款类似于美国宪法第一修正案吗?

言论自由的法律保护离不开宪法视角,解释宪法需要考虑文本、结构和历史。我国宪法言论自由条款和美国宪法第一修正案既相像又有所不同。美国宪法文本没有规定言论自由应承担的宪法义务,但由最高法院划定言论自由的界限;我国宪法文本规定了言论自由及其界限。美国采用"不得立法"模式,禁止立法剥夺,法院可直接援引宪法;我国采用"经由立法"模式,先将宪法言论自由具体化为法律,然后法院援引法律。美国宪法属于"差别保护",公共言论的保护优于私人言论;我国宪法承认这一区分,但具体化为法律后消除了这一区分。中美两国宪法均承认人民主权,这为我国言论自由条款的重新解释提供了可能。民法和刑法有关言论的规定应予以重新解释。     

论“不予适用”:一种消极的司法审查——以《行政诉讼法》第63条和64条为中心的考察

基于法的位阶理论和"上位法优于下位法"适用规则,可以对新《行政诉讼法》第63条和64条作出全新解释,提出"不予适用"模式,法院可以在个案中拒绝适用抵触上位法的下位法,但不撤销或改变下位法。"不予适用"是一种消极的司法审查,只具有个案效力,不会侵犯备案审查机关的权力。法院不但可以不予适用规范性文件,而且可以不予适用抵触上位法的规章、地方性法规和行政法规。司法实践中地方法院处理上下位法冲突时没有完全遵循"不予适用"模式,而最高人民法院的批复尤其是指导性案例5实质上支持"不予适用"模式。"不予适用"模式也有边界,法院无权不予适用法律,应尽可能对法律作合宪性解释。     

亚里士多德的自然正义

自然正义是亚里士多德正义理论中一个最为模糊的概念,也是理解亚里士多德正义理论体系的一个关键概念。自然正义是亚里士多德最高意义上的真正正义,这种最高性体现为自然正义在亚里士多德的正义理论中居于一种特殊的基础地位。     

Model for the prediction of mechanical asphyxia as the cause of death based on four biological indexes in human cardiac tissue

Determination of mechanical asphyxia as the cause of death has always been difficult for forensic pathologists, particularly when signs of asphyxia are not obvious on the body. Currently, depending on only physical examination of corpses, pathologists must be cautious when making cause-of-death appraisals. In a previous study, four biomarkers—dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2), miR-122, and miR-3185—were screened in human cardiac tissue from cadavers that died from mechanical asphyxia compared with those that died from craniocerebral injury, hemorrhagic shock, or other causes. Expression of the markers correlated with death from mechanical asphyxia regardless of age, environmental temperature, and postmortem interval. However, a single biological index is not an accurate basis for the identification of the cause of death. In this study, receiver operating characteristic curves of the ΔCq values of the four indexes were generated. The diagnostic accuracy of the indexes was judged according to their area under the curve (DUSP1: 0.773, KCNJ2: 0.775, miR-122: 0.667, and miR-3185: 0.801). Finally, a nomogram was generated, and single blind experiment was conducted to verify the cause of death of mechanical asphyxia.     

Analysing interventionism beyond conventional foreign policy rationales: the engagement of Brazil in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)

Most of the analysis dealing with so-called “emerging powers” in the field of peace and security seek to explain the intentions and motivations (supposedly) behind these states’ foreign policy and changing normative positions. Several of those studies see foreign policy decisions as the result of rational processes, defined by a “means-and-ends” logic, essentially oriented by preconceived national interests, clear ideational precepts and fixed identities. Through a non-conventional analysis of the participation of Brazil in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), the paper aims to advance an understanding of foreign policy as an identity practice that, especially in moments of domestic identity crisis, helps reinforce and stabilize specific representations of the state self and of those acting in its name. Informed by a post-positivist approach, the case discussed in the paper opens some avenues to explore how interventionism can be analysed beyond traditional foreign policy rationales and mainstream international relations theories.     

乡村振兴战略下新疆城乡商贸物流融合水平测度与融合路径设计

城乡商贸与城乡物流融合发展有助于支撑乡村振兴战略的实现。本文分别构建了城乡商贸与城乡物流融合水平测度模型、路径分析模型,以测度融合水平、设计融合路径。研究表明:新疆城乡商贸和城乡物流子系统有序度整体呈现上升趋势,而复合系统融合度存在"协调-不协调"交替的特征;新疆城乡商贸与城乡物流总体上处于初级融合阶段,需要解决业务一体、空间集聚问题;乌鲁木齐市城乡商贸与城乡物流处于"业务分离、空间集聚"的中级融合阶段,需要通过"融合-分散型"→"融合-集聚型"的融合发展路径解决业务融合问题,具体措施包括鼓励商贸企业扩大物流业务外包、培育城乡商贸物流龙头企业、深入推进共同配送项目等方面。     

论党百年奋斗历史经验之“坚持人民至上”的四重逻辑--基于对党的十九届六中全会《决议》的整体性解读

中国共产党成立至今已走过百年历程,积累了宝贵的“坚持人民至上”的历史经验,彰显了四重逻辑:来源于马克思、恩格斯等经典作家和以毛泽东同志、邓小平同志、江泽民同志、胡锦涛同志、习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人的“为民”思想,孕育于中华优秀传统文化、中华民族精神、毛泽东的文化思想和中国特色社会主义文化理论体系,着眼于我国社会主要矛盾和国际形势的新变化、新特征,目的是推进全面建设社会主义现代化国家的历史进程和不断推动构建人类命运共同体新局面。这四重逻辑赋予党百年奋斗历史经验之“坚持人民至上”永恒的精神底色,成为新时代开创中国特色社会主义伟大事业的宝贵精神财富。     

充分发挥宗教在促进社会和谐方面的积极作用

构建和谐社会本身包含了宗教自身的和谐,以及宗教与社会各有关方面的和谐。高度重视宗教与社会的关系问题,把握构建社会主义和谐社会中的宗教,发挥宗教和谐思想在促进社会和谐方面的作用,从“和为贵”、“和而不同”、“求同存异”的角度,以政治上团结合作、信仰上相互尊重为前提,充分发挥宗教在促进社会和谐方面的积极作用。