全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20061篇 |
免费 | 662篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 870篇 |
工人农民 | 809篇 |
世界政治 | 1478篇 |
外交国际关系 | 763篇 |
法律 | 12133篇 |
中国共产党 | 6篇 |
中国政治 | 171篇 |
政治理论 | 4294篇 |
综合类 | 204篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 258篇 |
2019年 | 318篇 |
2018年 | 413篇 |
2017年 | 489篇 |
2016年 | 514篇 |
2015年 | 371篇 |
2014年 | 368篇 |
2013年 | 2062篇 |
2012年 | 552篇 |
2011年 | 560篇 |
2010年 | 492篇 |
2009年 | 521篇 |
2008年 | 598篇 |
2007年 | 648篇 |
2006年 | 628篇 |
2005年 | 573篇 |
2004年 | 555篇 |
2003年 | 581篇 |
2002年 | 527篇 |
2001年 | 729篇 |
2000年 | 623篇 |
1999年 | 541篇 |
1998年 | 333篇 |
1997年 | 235篇 |
1996年 | 235篇 |
1995年 | 231篇 |
1994年 | 254篇 |
1993年 | 255篇 |
1992年 | 386篇 |
1991年 | 403篇 |
1990年 | 386篇 |
1989年 | 338篇 |
1988年 | 375篇 |
1987年 | 343篇 |
1986年 | 372篇 |
1985年 | 350篇 |
1984年 | 285篇 |
1983年 | 264篇 |
1982年 | 226篇 |
1981年 | 239篇 |
1980年 | 162篇 |
1979年 | 211篇 |
1978年 | 158篇 |
1977年 | 139篇 |
1976年 | 119篇 |
1975年 | 143篇 |
1974年 | 153篇 |
1973年 | 123篇 |
1972年 | 114篇 |
1969年 | 111篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
891.
Public management scholars often claim that agency competition provides an effective institutional check on monopoly authority, and hence, leads to improvement of administrative performance in public sector agencies. This logic was central for creating the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) in 1975 to challenge the policy information provided by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). We challenge this conventional wisdom by demonstrating that CBO has failed to enhance the quality of U.S. fiscal policy analysis on its own terms; nor has it spurred improvements in OMB's performance. Our empirical results indicate that the quality of OMB's fiscal projections has often deteriorated since the establishment of CBO as a rival bureau. We also show that both public and private information is being shared by these agencies to produce a similar caliber of task outputs. The broader implications of our study indicate that although politicians face incentives to employ agency competition in governmental settings, this type of bureaucratic strategy does not necessarily enhance the quality of administrative performance. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management 相似文献
892.
Michael A. Stoll 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2006,25(4):827-854
This paper examines the relationship between job sprawl and the spatial mismatch between blacks and jobs. Using data from a variety of sources, including the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census and U.S. Department of Commerce's ZIP Code Business Patterns, I control extensively for metropolitan area characteristics and other factors. In addition, I use metropolitan area physical geography characteristics as instruments for job sprawl to address the problem of simultaneity bias. I find a significant and positive effect of job sprawl on mismatch conditions faced by blacks that remains evident in the twostage least squares models but not in first difference change regressions. The crosssectional effect is particularly important in the Midwest and West, and in metropolitan areas where blacks' share of the population is large and where blacks' population growth rate is relatively low. Among others, the results also reveal that the measures of mismatch and job sprawl used in this analysis are highly correlated with blacks' employment outcomes in the expected direction. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management 相似文献
893.
Alison Evans Cuellar Larkin S McReynolds Gail A Wasserman 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2006,25(1):197-214
Youth crime is a serious social problem, as is the high proportion of young offenders in the juvenile justice system who have mental disorders. A recent policy innovation applies the theory of therapeutic jurisprudence and diverts youth with mental disorders to treatment in lieu of further court processing. The expansion of mental health diversion programs reflects an increasingly popular view that there is a causal relationship between youth mental disorders and crime. Policymakers who share this view place greater emphasis on rehabilitation and treatment as a way to reduce crime, rather than on stricter punishment. This paper considers the policy issues around youth mental health diversion programs. In addition, it evaluates the effect of a mental health diversion program for youth that was implemented in Texas. The paper finds that mental health diversion can be used effectively to delay or prevent youth recidivism. 相似文献
894.
There is a long-standing argument that in Westminster-style systems parliaments are in decline. The frequency with which the head of government intervenes in parliament is one indicator of this supposed decline. Studies conducted in Britain and Canada show that the frequency of prime ministerial interventions has declined over time, suggesting that the decline of parliament thesis holds true in this regard at least. This article examines the Irish case and shows that the situation is different. As in Britain and Canada, there has been a decline in particular forms of activity. However, the overall level has increased over time. These findings suggest that in the Irish case at least and on the basis of this one indicator the decline of parliament thesis does not hold true. Moreover, when we contextualise the findings, particularly on the basis of a qualitative analysis of the changing nature of the presentation of the Order of Business over the last 30 years, we find that the decline of parliament thesis is weakened further. Thus, this article suggests that the decline of parliament thesis is not applicable to all examples of Westminster-style parliamentary systems. 相似文献
895.
896.
The widespread use over the past two decades of Michigan's PA 198 Industrial Tax Abatement program provides an opportunity to assess the inter‐urban equity impacts of this economic development tool. Not only has PA 198 been used relatively more often by suburban municipalities, local governments at the metropolitan periphery are more likely to use abatements to attract new plants and new jobs. The older central cities primarily use the program to retain existing jobs, albeit at high cost of lost tax revenues. On balance, it appears that PA 198 has done little to alter the location decisions of participating firms. 相似文献
897.
Christine A. Kelleher 《政策研究评论》2006,23(6):1159-1180
The debate between proponents of metropolitan consolidation and polyarchic fragmentation poses many conflicting arguments, offers varied hypotheses, and reaches multiple conclusions about the effects of political structures and institutional arrangements on democratic governance. Despite varied and widespread attention to the topic, however, little resolution has been offered to appease either side. Additionally problematic is that implicit in both of these schools of research is the assumption that efficiency, whether achieved in fragmented or consolidated settings, is the prime preference of the citizenry. In this article, I specifically pursue the following research question: How do jurisdictional and metropolitan configurations influence the responsiveness of urban governments to public opinion? My findings illustrate that not only is considering the effect of metro place on city space a necessary and important pursuit, but a broader conceptualization of citizen preferences is of critical importance to scholars of urban politics, especially when assumptions about public opinion motivate choices about institutional sizes and structures. 相似文献
898.
徐娜 《天津行政学院学报》2002,4(3):62-64
近年来,俄中的战略合作伙伴关系有了进一步发展。2001年俄罗斯经济发展指标反映了其社会、经济发展状况,俄罗斯实施了一系列行政改革的措施。国家公务员学院的研究领域更加宽泛。 相似文献
899.
“Beggar thy Neighbor:” Testing for Free Riding in State-Level Endangered Species Expenditures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An important public policy question that remains unresolved iswhether devolution will enhance sensible policy making byexploiting informational asymmetries or, instead, trigger a``beggar thy neighbor'' response and stimulate free ridingamongst localities. We analyze this question within theframework of U.S. environmental policymaking by scrutinizing aunique panel data set on state-level endangered speciesexpenditure patterns. Our empirical estimates are consistentwith the notion that states free ride, which may lead to anexpenditure equilibrium that is not Pareto efficient. 相似文献
900.