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51.
Lauren Bennett Cattaneo Margret E. Bell Lisa A. Goodman Mary Ann Dutton 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(6):429-440
Using four categories of accuracy (true positive, false positive, true negative, false negative), this study explored (1)
how accurately intimate partner violence (IPV) victims are able to assess their risk of re-abuse; and (2) potential predictors
of accuracy. Women seeking help for IPV (N = 246) rated the likelihood that they would experience physical re-abuse in the coming year and then reported 18 months later
whether those risks had been realized. Victim assessments were more likely to be right than wrong, and were subject to neither
a pessimistic nor optimistic bias. In the multivariate analysis, significant/marginally significant predictors of the accuracy
categories were the history of violence from this and former partners, level of substance use, PTSD symptoms, and the recency
of the violence. Among the more robust findings were the connection between level of stalking and true positives, and between
substance use and false negatives. This study suggests that victim assessments have significant potential to inform practice,
and deserve further exploration.
相似文献
Lauren Bennett CattaneoEmail: |
52.
Massonnet G Buzzini P Monard F Jochem G Fido L Bell S Stauber M Coyle T Roux C Hemmings J Leijenhorst H Van Zanten Z Wiggins K Smith C Chabli S Sauneuf T Rosengarten A Meile C Ketterer S Blumer A 《Forensic science international》2012,222(1-3):200-207
A collaborative study on Raman spectroscopy and microspectrophotometry (MSP) was carried out by members of the ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) European Fibres Group (EFG) on different dyed cotton fabrics. The detection limits of the two methods were tested on two cotton sets with a dye concentration ranging from 0.5 to 0.005% (w/w). This survey shows that it is possible to detect the presence of dye in fibres with concentrations below that detectable by the traditional methods of light microscopy and microspectrophotometry (MSP). The MSP detection limit for the dyes used in this study was found to be a concentration of 0.5% (w/w). At this concentration, the fibres appear colourless with light microscopy. Raman spectroscopy clearly shows a higher potential to detect concentrations of dyes as low as 0.05% for the yellow dye RY145 and 0.005% for the blue dye RB221. This detection limit was found to depend both on the chemical composition of the dye itself and on the analytical conditions, particularly the laser wavelength. Furthermore, analysis of binary mixtures of dyes showed that while the minor dye was detected at 1.5% (w/w) (30% of the total dye concentration) using microspectrophotometry, it was detected at a level as low as 0.05% (w/w) (10% of the total dye concentration) using Raman spectroscopy. This work also highlights the importance of a flexible Raman instrument equipped with several lasers at different wavelengths for the analysis of dyed fibres. The operator and the set up of the analytical conditions are also of prime importance in order to obtain high quality spectra. Changing the laser wavelength is important to detect different dyes in a mixture. 相似文献
53.
Preliminary research suggests that child abuse is indirectly associated with female-perpetrated intimate partner violence
via posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and anger. To date, however, no known studies have investigated these relationships
for physical and psychological dating violence within a female college sample. Therefore, the purpose of the current study
was to examine the impact of child abuse history, PTSD symptoms, and anger arousal on female-perpetrated physical and psychological
dating violence. Female undergraduates (N = 496) completed measures of child abuse, PTSD symptoms, anger arousal, and dating violence perpetration as part of a larger
trauma and violence study. Results indicated that child abuse directly predicted female-perpetrated physical and psychological
dating violence and indirectly impacted female-perpetrated physical and psychological dating violence via PTSD symptoms and
anger arousal. The direct relationships between PTSD symptoms and female-perpetrated physical and psychological dating violence
were nonsignificant after controlling for the effect of anger arousal. 相似文献
54.
Food and health regulations are increasingly being pushed onto the political agenda, with rising concerns about genetically modified foods, obesity rates, and vaccination. Public beliefs and attitudes on these issues often conflict with the scientific evidence, yet we know relatively little about what influences opinion on these issues. The public lacks clear partisan cues, and many food and health attitudes cut across the ideological spectrum. We argue that these issues represent new ‘purity’ attitudes that are driven by the emotion of disgust. Across three studies, both by measuring individuals’ trait disgust sensitivity and experimentally inducing an emotional state of disgust, we demonstrate the impact of disgust on food and health policy attitudes. Our results show that greater sensitivity to disgust is associated with support for organic foods, opposition to genetically modified foods, and anti-vaccination beliefs. However, we find only limited evidence that experimentally manipulated disgust affects attitudes toward genetically modified and organic foods. Overall, our results demonstrate that disgust plays an important role in attitudes regarding public health and broadens our understanding of purity attitudes. 相似文献
55.
Sam R. Bell 《国际相互影响》2016,42(5):750-773
In this project, we investigate the relationship between the use of military force and trade interdependence, suggesting that the influence of trade on militarized conflict varies based on the issue under dispute. For some issues, trade is likely to attenuate the chances that states escalate a dispute to the use of military force, while for others trade can intensify disputes so that military conflict is more likely. Specifically, we hypothesize that greater trade interdependence decreases the probability of military conflict over realpolitik issues like territory. On the other hand, greater trade interdependence increases the probability that states use military force when the issue under dispute concerns the regime, policies, and conditions in the target. To test our hypotheses, we employ new data on dyadic uses of force from the International Military Intervention data set that records the initiator’s reason(s) for using force against the target. The statistical tests support our hypotheses; trade decreases the use of force against a target for territorial and military/diplomatic reasons, which is consistent with arguments from the liberal paradigm. However, trade interdependence increases the use of force for humanitarian and economic reasons as well as to affect the regime or policy of the target. Thus, our study improves upon current research about the relationship between economic interdependence and foreign policy by specifying a conditional relationship based on the issues under contention. 相似文献
56.
A City‐wide Investigation of the Isotopic Distribution and Source of Tap Waters for Forensic Human Geolocation Ground‐truthing 下载免费PDF全文
Human geolocation is prefaced on the accuracy of the geographic precision of mapped isotopic values for drinking water. As most people live in cities, it becomes important to understand city water supplies and how the isotopic values uniquely reflect that city. This study investigated the isotopic distribution of δ2H and δ18O from sourced tap waters that were collected from across the Metro Vancouver (MV) area (n = 135). The results revealed that the isotopic values reflect their water sources with a range of 5.3‰ for δ18Otap and 29.3‰ for δ2Htap for MV. The results indicate that individual cities need higher resolution studies to determine their tap water isotopic ranges, and a good understanding of the water supply network itself for human geolocation work. With an extended high‐resolution understanding of each city, human tissue may be compared with more certainty for geolocation. 相似文献
57.
Stephanie K. Bell B.S. B.A. Piero R. Gardinali Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(5):1245-1250
Abstract: This study evaluates the use of polydimethylsiloxane polymer composites (PDMS, Fe–PDMS) as a passive sampling media to preconcentrate analytes found in environmental settings. Samplers were made using commercially available silicone products. The composite samplers were assessed for their sorption properties using Atrazine and Irgarol 1051 as model compounds. The initial study assessed the utility of PDMS sheets as adsorption material by following analyte depletion from spiked water samples by solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Follow‐up studies conducted at high and low concentrations using lab manufactured iron‐ PDMS rods (Fe–PDMS) showed effective uptake at differential rates from concentrations ranging between 1 μg/L and 10 μg/L. Adsorption mechanism was reversible, and compounds were recovered from the exposed materials and analyzed by liquid–liquid extraction‐GC/MS. Both composites showed better affinity for Irgarol 1051, 100% removal, than for Atrazine, 30% removal, likely representing their KOW differences, 3.6 and 2.6, respectively. This “proof of concept” study demonstrates the positive implications for the use of silicon polymer composites as a monitoring tool for environmental forensic purposes. 相似文献
58.
Peter A. Weiss Katherine J. Bell William U. Weiss 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(1):49-55
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of criminal malingering on the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC)
scales. Sixty undergraduate students were given the MMPI-2 twice. One administration was conducted according to the MMPI-2
manual, and the other was given with a special set of malingering instructions specific to a prison setting. The two MMPI-2
profiles for each participant were scored for both the Basic and RC scales. Eight participants were eliminated from the data
analysis due to validity (VRIN or TRIN) concerns. Data from the remaining 52 participants were analyzed using a 2 × 2 repeated
measures ANOVA. Results showed that, as expected, the participants achieved higher MMPI-2 scores in the malingering condition.
Also, participants achieved higher scores overall on the Basic scales and a significant interaction showed that participants
achieved higher scores on the Basic Scales in the malingering condition than on the RC scales in that condition. These results
supported prior research, indicating that malingerers produce elevated RC profiles. However, the present results also suggest
that the Basic scales may be more effective in actually detecting malingerers, mainly due to the much lower ceiling on the
RC scaled scores. Further implications of these findings for research and clinical work are also discussed. 相似文献
59.
Miranda Mourby Elaine Mackey Mark Elliot Heather Gowans Susan E. Wallace Jessica Bell Hannah Smith Stergios Aidinlis Jane Kaye 《Computer Law & Security Report》2018,34(2):222-233
There has naturally been a good deal of discussion of the forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation. One issue of interest to all data controllers, and of particular concern for researchers, is whether the GDPR expands the scope of personal data through the introduction of the term ‘pseudonymisation’ in Article 4(5). If all data which have been ‘pseudonymised’ in the conventional sense of the word (e.g. key-coded) are to be treated as personal data, this would have serious implications for research. Administrative data research, which is carried out on data routinely collected and held by public authorities, would be particularly affected as the sharing of de-identified data could constitute the unconsented disclosure of identifiable information.Instead, however, we argue that the definition of pseudonymisation in Article 4(5) GDPR will not expand the category of personal data, and that there is no intention that it should do so. The definition of pseudonymisation under the GDPR is not intended to determine whether data are personal data; indeed it is clear that all data falling within this definition are personal data. Rather, it is Recital 26 and its requirement of a ‘means reasonably likely to be used’ which remains the relevant test as to whether data are personal. This leaves open the possibility that data which have been ‘pseudonymised’ in the conventional sense of key-coding can still be rendered anonymous. There may also be circumstances in which data which have undergone pseudonymisation within one organisation could be anonymous for a third party. We explain how, with reference to the data environment factors as set out in the UK Anonymisation Network's Anonymisation Decision-Making Framework. 相似文献
60.
Lauren C. Bell 《The Journal of Legislative Studies》2013,19(4):499-525
ABSTRACTIn legislative institutions, disruptions to the agenda and delays in processing legislation can have a significant impact on the ability of legislative majorities to realise success. Few previous studies have systematically examined parliamentary obstruction in non-U.S. settings. In this article, I investigate the extent to which obstruction occurs in parliaments around the world. The evidence, drawn from a 2016 survey of members of the Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments (ASGP) and supplemented with documentary evidence and interviews with parliamentary clerks and members of parliament in several countries demonstrates that obstructive behaviour occurs in a variety of types of national legislatures and across different political systems and institutional settings. 相似文献