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61.
Although research into the phenomenon of serial murder has revealed that serial killers frequently do not fit the initially described paradigm in terms of their physical and psychological profiles, backgrounds, and motives to kill, the media continues to sensationalize the figures of such killers and the investigators who attempt to analyze them on the basis of aspects of their crimes. Although the so-called "typical" profile of the serial murderer has proven accurate in some instances, in many other cases the demographics and behaviors of these killers have deviated widely from the generalized assumptions. This report details two unusual cases in which five and eight murders were committed in upstate New York. The lives and crimes of these offenders illustrate the wide spectrum of variations in the backgrounds, demographics, motivations, and actions witnessed among serial murderers, and highlight the limitations and dangers of profiling based on generalities. 相似文献
62.
Research on homicides followed by suicides has relied heavily on small samples and relatively short time spans of data. This study helps to fill this gap by examining 26 years of homicide–suicide data from Cuyahoga County, Ohio, between 1991 and 2016. The main data source for the study is medical examiner files. Analyses of the data indicate the rate of homicide–suicide in Cuyahoga County is consistent with other studies but fluctuates considerably across years studied. The majority of victims are female while perpetrators are overwhelmingly male. Black people are overrepresented as victims and offenders. Use of drugs and/or alcohol leading up to the incident is common among perpetrators. Both the homicides and suicides were overwhelming committed with firearms. When comparing our results to the typology of murder–suicides developed by Marzuk, Tardiff, and Hirsch (JAMA 1992;267:3179), we find amorous jealousy is a significant motivating factor in a many cases, including those involving nonintimate partners. Our findings underscore the importance of widespread use of lethality assessment instruments. 相似文献
63.
Wendy C. Grenade 《圆桌》2013,102(2):167-176
Abstract This article examines party politics and governance in post-revolutionary Grenada, using the case of the New National Party (NNP). The central question is what does the evolution of the NNP suggests about governance and democracy in post-invasion Grenada? The article traces four phases of the NNP since its formation in 1984: (1) externally imposed marriage of convenience; (2) intra-party conflict and splintering; (3) rebranding, consolidation and dominance; and (4) electoral defeat. The article contends that Grenada has transitioned to formal democracy and the NNP is a significant actor. Yet, despite this transition, Grenada has not become the showcase of democracy that the US said it would in 1984. 相似文献
64.
Precluding Nonviolence,Propelling Violence: The Effect of Internal Fragmentation on Movement Protest
Scholars often overlook that an adequate explanation of why a movement uses violent means of protest requires an account of
why it does not instead use nonviolent means. This essay argues that while paths to violence are multiple, there is one prevailing
path to nonviolent protest—that which opens when a movement is politically cohesive. Cohesion approximates a necessary condition
for nonviolent protest because such protest requires coordination and collective restraint. Conversely, fragmentation generates
incentives and opportunities that increase the likelihood that protest will become violent. This argument, specified in terms
of composite mechanisms and demonstrated by overtime variation in the Palestinian case, critiques the assumption that movements
can be treated as unitary actors. It also shifts attention from movements’ motivations to their organizational configurations. 相似文献
65.
Denise M. Wilson Denise C. Gottfredson Wendy Povitsky Stickle 《Journal of criminal justice》2009,37(1):21
Teen Court (TC) is an innovative juvenile diversion program that has spread rapidly across the United States in recent years. Despite its popularity, rigorous research on TC effectiveness is lacking. This study used data from a recent randomized trial of the effectiveness of TCs to examine gender differences and mediators anticipated by labeling theory. The study found gender differences in the effect of TC on delinquency. TC was found to increase delinquency for males and to have no effect for females. Implications related to the findings are discussed. 相似文献
66.
Research shows that the police subculture can be characterized by a distinct set of values and beliefs. Much of the police
subculture research has focused on common characteristics and values found among a sample of police officers. Fewer studies
have considered how the police, as a group, are similar to citizens. In this study, attention is given to similarities and
differences in how the police and the public perceive the Miranda warnings. Attention is also given to whether type of neighborhood (low crime versus high crime) is related to attitudes about
the Miranda warnings. Findings suggest that while the warnings are perceived in different ways there are similarities that could bridge
the gap between the police and public. Implications are suggested. 相似文献
67.
Himmelberger AL Spear TF Satkoski JA George DA Garnica WT Malladi VS Smith DG Webb KM Allard MW Kanthaswamy S 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(1):81-89
The 608-bp hypervariable region 1 (HV1) sequences from 36 local dogs were analyzed to characterize the population genetic structure of canid mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Sixteen haplotypes were identified. A 417-bp segment of this sequence was compared with GenBank sequences from a geographically representative sample of 201 dogs, two coyotes, and two wolves. Sixty-six haplotypes were identified including 62 found only in domestic dogs. Fourteen of these correspond to the 16 local haplotypes and were among the most frequent haplotypes. The local sample was judged to be representative of the much broader geographic sample. No correlation was observed between local haplotypes and the owner's characterization of dog breed. A 60-bp variation "hotspot" within the canid HV1 was identified as a potentially valuable molecular tool, particularly for assaying limited or degraded DNA samples. 相似文献
68.
Wendy Povitsky Stickle Nadine M. Connell Denise M. Wilson Denise Gottfredson 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2008,4(2):137-163
Teen Court (TC) is a juvenile diversion program designed to prevent the formal processing of first-time juvenile offenders
within the juvenile justice system. TC instead utilizes informal processing and sanctions in order to prevent future offending.
Despite its widespread popularity throughout the United States of America, little rigorous research has been conducted on
the effectiveness of the TC model for reducing recidivism. Using an experimental design, this study examined the effectiveness
of TC in reducing recidivism and improving the attitudes and opinions of juvenile offenders in comparison with a control group
of youth who were formally processed. Self-reported delinquency was higher for those youth who participated in TC. TC youth
were also found to have significantly lower scores on a scale of belief in conventional rules than had youth who were processed
in the Department of Juveniles Services. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Wendy Povitsky Stickle is a doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency and delinquency prevention. Currently, Stickle is examining the effects of co-offending on trajectories of offending and is investigating the risk factors associated with weapon carrying in schools. Nadine M. Connell is an assistant professor at Rowan University in the Department of Law and Justice Studies. Her research interests include program and policy evaluation, the social dynamics of group behavior, and capital punishment. Connell has worked with the Capital Jury Project as well as several juvenile delinquency prevention initiatives. She is currently involved in an evaluation of the efficacy of school based programs on student bullying and adolescent ATOD use in the state of New Jersey. Denise M. Wilson is a Ph.D. graduate student at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency, prevention and corrections. She is currently working on data analysis of a randomized experiment testing the effects of after-school programs on adolescent development. Denise C. Gottfredson is a professor at the University of Maryland Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology. Her research interests include delinquency and delinquency prevention, and particularly the effects of school environments on youth behavior. Gottfredson has conducted randomized experiments to test the effectiveness of the Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court, the Strengthening Families Program, and is currently directing a randomized trial of the effects of after school programs on the development of problem behavior. 相似文献
Wendy Povitsky StickleEmail: |
Wendy Povitsky Stickle is a doctoral candidate at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency and delinquency prevention. Currently, Stickle is examining the effects of co-offending on trajectories of offending and is investigating the risk factors associated with weapon carrying in schools. Nadine M. Connell is an assistant professor at Rowan University in the Department of Law and Justice Studies. Her research interests include program and policy evaluation, the social dynamics of group behavior, and capital punishment. Connell has worked with the Capital Jury Project as well as several juvenile delinquency prevention initiatives. She is currently involved in an evaluation of the efficacy of school based programs on student bullying and adolescent ATOD use in the state of New Jersey. Denise M. Wilson is a Ph.D. graduate student at the University of Maryland Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Her research interests include juvenile delinquency, prevention and corrections. She is currently working on data analysis of a randomized experiment testing the effects of after-school programs on adolescent development. Denise C. Gottfredson is a professor at the University of Maryland Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology. Her research interests include delinquency and delinquency prevention, and particularly the effects of school environments on youth behavior. Gottfredson has conducted randomized experiments to test the effectiveness of the Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court, the Strengthening Families Program, and is currently directing a randomized trial of the effects of after school programs on the development of problem behavior. 相似文献
69.
70.
Adolescent Self-Esteem and Gender: Exploring Relations to Sexual Harassment, Body Image, Media Influence, and Emotional Expression 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mary Polce-Lynch Barbara J. Myers Wendy Kliewer Christopher Kilmartin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2001,30(2):225-244
Self-esteem plays a central role in mental health, yet not enough is known about how youth evaluate themselves as they move across adolescence. This study used a cross-sectional design to examine age and gender patterns in self-esteem and to explore how contemporary social influences relate to adolescent self-esteem. Self-reported influences on self-esteem involving the media, sexual harassment, body image, family and peer relationships, and emotional expression were evaluated with 93 boys and 116 girls in Grades 5, 8, and 12. Girls reported lower self-esteem than boys in early adolescence, and late adolescent boys reported lower self-esteem than younger boys. The predictors as a set accounted for a significant portion of the variance in self-esteem, while the best predictor of self-esteem varied by age and gender. Large gender differences were present for emotional expression, with boys becoming more restrictive across adolescence. Girls reported more negative body image and media influence scores than did boys in late childhood and early adolescence. Body image appeared to mediate the relationships between certain predictors and self-esteem for girls, while gender and grade appeared to moderate the relationship between media influence and self-esteem for girls and boys. 相似文献