Low-income preschoolers' behavior with anatomically detailed dolls

The present study examined nonabused children's responses to anatomically detailed (AD) dolls among diverse populations. Thirty six low-income, predominantly African-American preschoolers from a Head Start center participated in an AD interview. Interviews were videotaped and coded for the presence of eight behaviors and eight parallel verbalizations. Results indicated that the children spent the majority of the interview without engaging in any behaviors which are often associated with sexual abuse. Sexual interaction between the dolls was seldom demonstrated, particularly when compared to exploration of the dolls' genitalia. Some differences were noted in the way low-income, predominantly African-American preschoolers responded to the dolls, when contrasted with the results of studies using predominantly middle-income, White preschoolers. The need for the consideration of environmental factors in interpreting children's responses to AD dolls is discussed.     

The Legal Discourse of the Common Law: A Game of Chess

English law, like any otherspecialized topic, needs a particular languagefor its understanding. The legal discourse ofthe common law gathers a set of theoretical andcustomary mechanisms subject to internal orexternal intrusions into its directions foruse. Two ideas are highlighted: the rigidity ofthe overall regulating structure of the law,and the use of `fuzzy sets' to provideflexibility to legal discourse. This unsteadyor fuzzy discourse production proves thislanguage to be the result of a long and complexhistorical process of socialisation. Theseinteractions of reference and of wordinglegitimate a mode of precise and technicalinstitutional stratification, combining bothconstruction and argumentation.     

Special report on health care delivery systems. Trends in the integrated delivery of health care and the corporate practice of medicine

The prospects for federal legislation preempting state corporate practice restrictions are unclear. The health care reform bill originally introduced by President Clinton contained a provision that would have preempted "any state law related to the corporate practice of medicine" insofar as it applied to the arrangements between non-fee-for-service health plans and their participating providers. H.R. 3600/S. 1757, 103d Cong., 1st Sess. 1407(b) (1993). Whether and in what form a preemption provision may survive the legislative process and see a Presidential signature remains to be seen. The particular fate of the federal legislation notwithstanding, however, health care executives can nevertheless remain confident that the legal treatment of the "corporate practice" of medicine will continue to be of vital concern as the various forms of health care organizations evolve in the ongoing struggle to deliver quality medicine at affordable prices.     

Politische Steuerung und akteurzentrierter Institutionalismus

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Aspekten der steuerungstheoretischen Debatte. In traditioneller Hinsicht wurde, insbesondere ausgeprägt in der kontinentaleuropäischen Diskussion, den staatlichen Administrationen eine steuerungspolitische Bedeutung beigemessen. Heute geht es jedoch darum, sich auf die steuerungspolitischen Fähigkeiten zu beziehen, die in grossen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen angelegt sind und Überlegungen über die Qualität von "gesellschaftlicher Selbstkoordination und -steuerung" anzustellen. Es zeigt sich ferner, wie bedeutsam die in Verhandlungssystemen (Föderalismus; Europäische Union) angelegten, polyvalenten steuerungspolitischen Potentiale und Instrumente sind.     

Electrospray-ionization MS/MS library of drugs as database for method development and drug identification

An ESI MS/MS library of 800 compounds has been developed and a collection of data is now available for Analyst 1.4 and higher. Compounds include forensically important drugs, such as illegal drugs, some deuterated analogues, hypnotics, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, antidepressants and many others. For setting up the library of product ion spectra, 20-200 ng of the compounds have been injected either by flow injection or via a short LC-column, the precursor ions were chosen from the Q1 scan spectra, and product ion spectra were generated by CID in the collision cell using three different collision energies (20, 35 and 50 eV). Three spectra of each compound have been collected and compound names, CAS numbers, formulas and molecular weights have been added in the database, which has been generated by the Analyst software. The library can be used for compound identification during general unknown screening analysis by combination of Q1 scan techniques and subsequent MS/MS analysis in a second analytical run. Quantitative procedures for multi drug analysis using Multiple Reaction Monitoring can be established by selection of product ions and suitable collision energies from the library. For publication of the spectra, PDF-files have been generated and can be viewed on-line as supplementary data or from the website in alphabetical order: (supplementary data, should be made available via ELSEVIER-WEBSITE or via ).     

An optional European contract law code: Advantages and disadvantages

Should the EU introduce an Optional European Contract Law Code and what should it look like? By applying economic theories of federalism and regulatory competition (legal federalism), it is shown why an Optional Code would be a very suitable legal instrument within a two-level European System of Contract Laws. By allowing private parties’ choice of law to a certain extent, it can combine the most important advantages of centralisation and decentralisation of competences for legal rules. Through differentiated analyses of three kinds of contract law rules (mandatory substantive rules, mandatory information rules and facilitative law), important conclusions can be reached: which kinds of contract law rules are most suitable to be applied on an optional basis (e.g. facilitative law) and which might be less so (e.g. a core of information regulations). Furthermore a number of additional general conclusions about the design and scope of an Optional EU Code and some conclusions in regard to sales law are derived.     

Das neue Raumordnungsgesetz

Zum Jahreswechsel wurde das neue Raumordnungsgesetz verkündet, zur Jahresmitte wird das Gesetz in vollem Umfang in Kraft treten. Trotz mancher Verbesserungen im Detail ist es dem Gesetzgeber jedoch nicht gelungen, die rudiment?re Rolle des Bundes in der Raumentwicklungspolitik nennenswert aufzuwerten. Insgesamt best?tigt das in v?lligem Konsens von Bund und L?ndern ausgehandelte Gesetz die Befürchtung, dass die durch die F?deralismusreform 2006 geschaffenen L?nderabweichungsrechte die f?deralen Verantwortlichkeiten keineswegs entflechten, sondern vielmehr bereits im Gesetzgebungsverfahren einen kompromisshaften Konsens von L?ndern und Bund erzwingen.     

Nationale und europäische Anforderungen an Umweltbeiträge in der Verkehrsplanung

Ohne Zusammenfassung