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The nascent debate on Australian federalism has hitherto focused almost entirely on Commonwealth-state interrelationships to the virtual exclusion of local government. Since Australian local government employs around 156,000 people and spends in excess of $10 billion this neglect is unfortunate. In an effort to at least partly remedy this oversight, the present paper seeks to assess various unsettled questions in local government financial relationships with both Commonwealth and state governments, especially the issue of financial assistance grants and their efficiency consequences. 相似文献
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A. T. J. Matthews Ellaleen C. Williams Jerome Laulicht Russell B. Donnelly Irene Nordine Henry C. Lajewski Paul F. Peifer Gustave A. de Cocq Joseph E. Russo Martin L. Hoffman J. Walter Cobb Worthington Miner Charles H. Adair G. Kerry Smith Eugene P. Schwartz R. L. Meier David B. Booth 《Society》1964,1(5):2-2
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On March 12, 1889, at about 4:00 p.m., the editor of the Charleston, South Carolina, News and Courier--Francis Warrington Dawson--was shot to death by Thomas Ballard McDow, M.D., a successful Charleston physician, in Dr. McDow's office. The investigation of the crime and the trial and acquittal of McDow have not been subjected to critical scrutiny in this century. This article offers an analysis of character and motivation of the principals, an examination of some of the evidence, a view of the prosecution and defense, and some conclusions based on these elements. 相似文献
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Miner MH Munns R 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2005,49(5):491-504
The authors explored attitudinal differences among adolescent male sex offenders, juvenile delinquents, and nondelinquent youth based on three variables drawn from integrated delinquency theory: conventional attitudes, normlessness, and social isolation. Consistent with previous juvenile delinquency studies, the results indicate no differences among the three groups on conventional attitudes. With respect to normlessness, both the sex offenders and juvenile delinquent groups demonstrated more school normlessness than did nondelinquent youths, and adolescent sex offenders showed greater peer normlessness than did either nondelinquent youths or juvenile delinquents. Examination of perceived social isolation among the three groups indicates that sex offenders consistently perceived themselves as more isolated than other youths with their families, in their school, and among their peers. These results suggest that interpersonal factors, in addition to a lack of social controls and normlessness, are associated with sexually inappropriate behavior. 相似文献
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Ross Worthington 《Journal of law and society》2001,28(4):490-519
Drawing upon interviews in 1995 and 1998 and analyses of judicial appointments from 1975–1998, the article offers a new explanation of judicial-executive relations in Singapore. It attempts to explain how the judiciary in Singapore actually functions, partly by using the concept of the core executive to locate the judiciary more accurately within its political context. The study demonstrates that the judicial system has been hegenomized by a number of political and bureaucratic strategies, and interprets its role in terms of the overall goals of the political executive. The lower judiciary is an amateur judiciary and forms part of the executive government. Despite this, the contemporary superior judiciary is not wholly a creature of the political executive, as is often postulated, but rather the result of a compromise which balances the need for a reputable judiciary with the requirement by the political executive for the judicial system to assist with the control of political opposition. This negotiated balance is qualitatively different from the relationship that characterized that between the Lee Kuan Yew governments and their Supreme Courts until 1991 and reflects the maturing of hegemonic control strategies under Goh Chok Tong. The analysis was completed in 1999. 相似文献
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Anne S. Miner Yan Gong Michael P. Ciuchta Anthony Sadler John Surdyk 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(2):213-233
Anecdotal evidence indicates universities around the world fashion programs to permit or encourage university-linked start
ups, in pursuit of improved regional wealth and job creation, often influenced by the iconic vision of Silicon Valley. This
paper explores whether these programs are leading to a pattern of similar startups across the world, and gradually improving
performance, or to ongoing variation in activities and outcomes, with potential for both harmful and serendipitous unintended
outcomes. We use a theoretical lens of research on multiple organizations trying to learn from others—or repeated vicarious
organizational learning. The paper first suggests that while startup programs share similar goals they do not generate similar
startups across regions and time, with important variation in structure, links to home schools, and localization. It then
posits that these programs appear to have varied outcomes in terms of their economic goals, and stresses the difficulty and
importance of evaluating this issue. Finally, the paper details important potential unintended (collateral) outcomes, both
harmful and valued. Dangers noted include not only traditional concerns with science norms or faculty time, but also the potential
impact on humanities and the social sciences. Potential collateral benefits include facilitating the ability of students and
citizens to create new forms of value more broadly. Theoretically, the paper speculates that ongoing vicarious learning by
multiple organizations in this context may increase or at least sustain variation in outcomes, leading to some excellent but
many indeterminate or harmful outcomes rather than homogenization among startups or outcomes. From a policy viewpoint, our
review suggests that policymakers should abandon the search for a ‘secret sauce’ that will assure regional growth from startups.
Instead, we suggest that they tailor programs to local skills and experience, actively monitor economic and non-economic impact,
and expand the overall vision to include values and skills of autonomy and the creation of new forms of value more broadly. 相似文献