Sexual variation in bucco-lingual dimensions in Turkish dentition

Sexual differences in the human skeleton have been well studied in many populations. Odontometric analysis of the human sexual variation has been less investigated and mostly derived from the dentition of extinct populations. Turkey is situated in a unique location where populations from different regions mixed with each other and created a rich gene pool. One might anticipate that modern Turkish population is composed of genes from the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East, Iran and further as well as from ancient Romans, Byzantines, Arabs and Asiatic Turks. It is clear that contemporary Turks are a mixture of these extant and extinct people and ideal to consider it a representative study population. The purpose of this study is to analyze dental dimensions and sexual variation in living Turks and develop forensic techniques to identify human remains from the teeth when any other technique is not available or not reliable. The study is composed of Ankara University dental students (50 male and 50 female casts, average age of 21 years). Bucco-lingual breadths from 14 teeth (I1 through M2 of the maxilla and mandible) are taken from the left side and analyzed using the discriminant function statistics. An intraobserver error test did not indicate any statistically significant difference between any two measurements. Results of the study revealed that males exceeded females significantly (P<0.001) in dimensions. Coefficient of variation was most obvious in I1s and I2s of both jaws in both sexes. Stepwise discriminant function statistics suggested that upper C, and lower C and M2 are the most contributory teeth to the function. Additional formulae were calculated for situation in which only one or a fragmented jaw is available for identification. Overall accuracy of sex diagnosis ranged from 73 to 77%. In conclusion this research supports earlier studies that sexual dimorphism is population specific. While dental difference between the sexes in several human populations has been found highly dimorphic, it was not found so in Turks and accuracy of classification remained low at about 77%. The difficulty or the lack of dimorphism comes from male subjects.     

The identification of a dismembered human body: a multidisciplinary approach

A criminal case was directed to a multidisciplinary forensic team for identification, concerning a victim whose head, having two gunshot wounds, had been separated by a sharp instrument and was recovered 6 months later. The purpose of this research was to determine the sex and age of the victim for human identification. Primarily, macroscopic examination of the skull, tooth, and DNA analysis was conducted for sex determination. A rough assessment of age was made from the skull based on anthropological findings, however a more definitive result of age estimation was determined utilizing dental morphology. The dental data showed an age range of 32-37 from the mineral examination and the formulation of microscopic measurements. The results obtained from the skull and dental analysis matched with the physical characteristics of the victim's body, the known personal data of this person, and with the superposition of the photos gathered by a formal request. Besides, the result of DNA profiling of the victim showed male gender and direct relationship with the victim's presumed wife and daughter. Generally, research on human identification consists of sex and age determination. The sex characteristics can be precisely proved from DNA tests. However, age can be estimated by skeletal, and dental analysis. In this case the performed sex and age analysis lead the research to the selective matching of the missing person's identity.     

深化对人类社会历史发展规律的认识

深化对人类社会历史发展规律的认识,首先要正确把握马克思恩格斯是怎样科学论证“两个必然”和“两个决不会”,以及列宁对马克思恩格斯论述的人类社会历史发展规律的贡献和发展。其次要全面分析当代资本主义发达国家的新变化。从中可以认识到这些变化并没有根本改变资本主义世界的基本矛盾,因而也决不会改变人类社会历史发展的客观规律。     

浅论江泽民同志关于人的全面发展的重要思想

人的全面发展 ,是马克思、恩格斯一生始终关注的一个重要问题 ,是马克思主义的最高人格理想和价值目标。马克思主义认为人的全面发展是人自身发展的最高境界 ,是人的内在发展与外在发展的统一 ,是生产力与生产关系发展相统一的历史过程。新时期人的全面发展的思想是江泽民同志对马克思主义人的全面发展学说的继承与发展的统一。     

国内外“DNA数据库”遗传学标志的比较研究

目的通过英、美、中"DNA数据库"遗传学标志的比较,探寻我国大规模建库宜用的STR位点.方法用复合PCR扩增和四色荧光技术对我国汉族群体进行基因型检测,获得D2S1338、D19S433、CODIS等15个STR位点的多态性分布资料,并结合目前国内外法医学者报道的其它STR位点进行比较分析.结果Profiler Plus试剂盒中的STR位点和D16S539、D2S1 338、D19S433、Penta D、Penta E任中国人群中有重要应用价值.结论为便于建立DNA实验室技术标准和质控标准,提倡开发和使用适合我国人群的商品化STR检测试剂盒.     

"假日经济"与中国旅游福利计划

2000年,中国成为全球第五大国际旅游接待国,并形成了全球最大的国内旅游市场,正在由旅游大国向旅游强国迈进.其中,为繁荣国内旅游市场立下汗马功劳的"假日旅游",已经发展成为我国"假日经济"的重要表现形式,它的形成和发展,为我国逐步实行"旅游福利计划"创造了市场机遇,开拓了发展空间.     

有关死亡问题的探讨

死亡从概念上可分为心脏死、呼吸死、脑死亡;从分类角度看,可分为非暴力性死亡、暴力性死亡和急死;死亡的过程分濒死期、临床死亡期和生物学死亡期;与死亡相关的问题有假死、植物人和安乐死,"安乐死"不是"受嘱托杀人",应尽早立法保护。     

全球化背景下我国高等教育课程改革刍议

全球化正在渗透于我们的生活之中 ,不仅影响了经济领域 ,也影响到教育领域。全球化代表着一种经济主义的倾向 ,这种经济主义的价值观及其新自由主义的哲学基础对学校课程的影响是深远的 ,它要求学校课程与教学有根本性的改变。其一 ,课程目标要体现全球精神 ;其二 ,课程结构要保证灵活性和弹性 ;最后 ,课程决策要张扬权力分离。     

拉美历史上反美主义的演进及特点与根源分析

自19世纪初以来,拉美反美主义不断演进,对全球反美主义的发展产生了重要影响。作为全球反美活动的主阵地,拉美反美主义既有全球反美主义的共性,又具有自身的独特之处。拉美反美主义经久不衰的主要原因是美国为了谋求霸权地位对拉美实行的＂改造＂战略。因此,拉美的反美主义历史就是拉美人民的反霸权史。     

从马家窑文化的葬俗谈万物有灵观

在古代社会,纵观一切迷信活动,很多都以"灵魂不灭"这个漫长的与人类认识史相伴的命题有关。而在史前文明当中,由于当时的社会生活条件、自然条件对史前人类的生活有着重大影响,从而使人们更加重视人本身,包括人的出生和死亡。就算人死亡后,人们还是相信其仅仅只是躯体的死亡,而灵魂却不会消失。马家窑文化作为西北甘青一带重要的史前文化,其葬俗特点引出了古代人们对于人死后的种种猜想。