mRNA和microRNA在机械性窒息死推断中的研究进展

机械性窒息死的推断是法医学鉴定的难点之一。利用实时荧光定量PCR（fluorogenic quantitative RT-PCR,RT-qPCR）技术检测RNA表达水平变化规律,并据之推测机械性窒息死亡的原因,近年来已成为研究热点。本文对mRNA和microRNA（miRNA或miR）在机械性窒息死推断的研究文献进行复习综述,并重点探讨miRNA在该类死因推断中的应用,以期为机械性窒息死推断提供新的思路。     

The Place of Vietnamese Marriage Migrants in Singapore: social reproduction,social ‘problems’ and social protection

While the literature on ‘global care chains’ has focused on the international transfer of paid reproductive labour in the form of domestic service and care work, a parallel trend takes the form of women marriage migrants, who perform unpaid labour to maintain households and reproduce the next generation. Drawing on our work with commercially matched Vietnamese marriage migrants in Singapore, we analyse the existing immigration–citizenship regime to examine how these marriage migrants are positioned within the family and nation-state as dependants of Singaporean men with no rights to work, residency or citizenship of their own. Incipient discussions on marriage migrants in civil society discourse have tended to follow a ‘social problems’ template, requiring legislative support and service provisioning to assist vulnerable women. We argue for the need to adopt an expansive approach to social protection issues, depending not on any one single source—the state, civil society and the family—but on government action to ensure that these complement one another and strengthen safety nets for the marriage migrant.     

Sexual Homicide by Older Male Offenders

Recent research has expanded our understanding of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs). However, little exists beyond case reports for older SHOs. We characterized male SHOs ≥ 55 years, comparing them to typical adult male SHOs who are in their 20s. Analysis of 37 years (1976–2012) of US Supplementary Homicide Reports data provided a large SHO sample (N = 3453). Three case reports provide clinical context for the diverse nature and patterns of older SHOs. Only 32 older male SHOs and no older female SHOs were identified. Murders by older SHOs accounted for only 0.5% of US sexual homicides. Unlike typical SHOs that generally target young adult females, over two‐thirds of older SHO victims were ≥40 years, and one‐third were ≥55 years. Sexual homicides by older SHOs, like sexual homicide in general, decreased over the study period. These crimes, while exceedingly rare, do occur, warranting special consideration.     

酷刑与法律霸权

作为一个价值概念,酷刑在不同的社会和空间体系中的定义与价值都不相同。如果说在前现代社会中酷刑的价值在于刑罚的一般预防作用,那么在现代社会中酷刑的价值只能是负面意义的,反酷刑则成为文明的象征。但是,要警惕“反酷刑”向法律霸权或绝对理性的蜕变。     

论教育评价在教育中的作用

教育评价是对教育活动效果的价值上的判断,它以教育测量为基础。教育评价对于教育活动质量的提高,教育目标的实现有着重要的不可替代的作用。近年来我国教育评价工作取得了一些成绩,同时也存在一些主要问题,从而影响了我国教育改革的发展步伐。     

沿海沿边城市的产业发展战略研究——以广西防城港市为例

本文从防城港市产业发展现状出发,结合其独特的区位环境,分析了沿海沿边城市产业发展的有利条件和未来趋势。分析表明：防城港市的产业发展重点是依托港口优势,集中力量发展临海工业,强化工业主导地位,充分发挥工业对经济快速增长的拉动作用,以壮大工业经济实力来增强工业反哺农业的能力,以工业规模的扩大来拓展服务业发展的空间,形成三次产业相互促进、协调发展。     

关于我国罪犯矫正的立法设想

刑罚是国家管理社会、治理违法犯罪最为严厉的惩罚措施。刑罚制度的改革也成为一种世界潮流。罪犯矫正帮助罪犯重新适应社会、回归社会,并建立与之相适应的新的刑罚制度是我国当前法制工作的一项重要任务。     

Differentiation of Antemortem and Postmortem Appendicular Fractures Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity Changes in Bone and Soft Tissues,

Intraosseous T1-weighted (T1W) and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity changes—so-called bone marrow edema—may be able to differentiate antemortem and postmortem fractures in human forensic imaging. The primary objective of this study was to investigate this hypothesis using an animal model. Three juvenile Landrace pigs were anesthetized and underwent MRI of both tibiae and both radii using a 1.5 T magnet. T1W, T2-weighted (T2W), STIR, and T2* sequences were included. Antemortem fractures were induced in both tibiae and postmortem fractures in both radii, and MRI was repeated. Two board-certified radiologists blinded to fracture group jointly evaluated the images for intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in identifying antemortem fractures were calculated based on intraosseous, soft tissue, and combined intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes. Intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes, when present, were hyperintense in all sequences. Intraosseous hyperintensity in T1W and T2W sequences yielded Sp of 100% for antemortem fractures. Regardless of sequence, soft tissue hyperintensity was comparatively more sensitive than intraosseous hyperintensity. Sensitivity for each sequence could be maximized by assessment of soft tissue and intraosseous hyperintense signals together; for the T1W sequence, such assessment optimized diagnostic utility yielding a Se of 100% and Sp of 83%. In summary, MRI—particularly the T1W sequence—can differentiate antemortem and postmortem fractures and may be a useful adjunct to the forensic analyses of fractures.     

异化与重构:犯罪控制激发犯罪的检视

犯罪控制的初衷在于减少、遏制犯罪,但控制措施的不当使犯罪控制被异化,一方面控制、遏制着犯罪,另一方面却在制造、激发着犯罪。我国无论是“严打”、“社会治安综合治理”的犯罪控制实践,还是犯罪控制的基本理论,都出现了不同程度的异化。应当在一体化的视野下确立纠偏性的矫正理论,从犯罪控制的之中、之外、之上的视角出发,在犯罪控制的理念、犯罪学理论、社会控制、司法控制四个维度进行扬弃。     

国际私法法律选择的法理学思考——以"贝考克诉杰克逊案"为例

本文以美国纽约州上诉法院"贝考克诉杰克逊案"为例,就有关侵权损害法律选择进行讨论,对最密切联系原则替代侵权行为地法这一过程背后的基本原因和这一过程中法律精神与法律形式、法律的确定性与准确性、建构理性主义与进化理性主义之间的关系等问题进行探讨,以此说明在立法中绝对的确定性和一致性并不一定是理性在法律建构中的必然和最佳的选择,相反,在许多规范中保持一定的弹性才是一种更好的选择.