浅析"大跃进"运动发动之初的组织环境

进入全面建设社会主义时期以后,中共中央召开了数次重要的会议.这些会议的内容和部署对"大跃进"运动产生了深远的影响,从而构成了"大跃进"运动发动之初的组织环境.     

试论青少年德育中的学生主体性缺失

青少年德育实效性偏低关键是学校德育中的学生主体性缺失,具体表现为:在德育的目标和内容上,以社会为本位的价值取向造成对主体德育需求的漠视;在德育的方式方法上,以灌输为特征的传统方法造成对主体认知发展规律的忽略;在德育的载体途径上,以学校为中心的德育体系造成主体价值选择的困惑;在德育的评价标准上,以道德认知为内容的评价体系造成主体人格的分裂。     

“一边倒”外交战略的得失评析

"一边倒"是新中国成立后直至50年代指导我国对外交往活动的大政方针.这一外交战略的实施对改善我国的国际生存空间,粉碎以美国为首的帝国主义封锁、遏制、禁运的阴谋,为新中国政权的巩固、国民经济的恢复和发展具有重大的历史意义.由于这一战略是特定历史条件下的产物,难免存在一些弊端.     

Social support, spiritual program, and addiction recovery

This study compared personal and emotional modifications of inmates who were recovering addicts and who participated in one of two year-long therapeutic intervention programs, one including social support and experiential spiritual program components (Narcotics Anonymous, NA, meetings and the 12-step course), the other including primarily social support (NA meetings only, without the 12-step program). The hypothesis was that supplementing social support programs with a concrete spiritual program would result in more positive personal and emotional changes. The results seem to support the hypothesis: Inmates participating in the 12-step program demonstrated a higher sense of coherence and meaning in life and a gradual reduction in the intensity of negative emotions (anxiety, depression, and hostility) than those participating in NA meetings without the 12-step program. The research findings demonstrate the importance of the 12-step program as part of a rehabilitation process for drug addicts.     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group in Tibet

Y-chromosomal STRs loci were analyzed from a sample of 119 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group using a multiplex PCR system. Allele and haplotype frequencies for DYS19, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, and DYS439 were determined by the Y-PLEXtrade mark 12 kit. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3347 (DYS438) to 0.9547 (DYS385a,b). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 104 were unique, while six occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for the Y-STRs loci was 0.9981, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9897. The results in the present study can be used for routine forensic application in the region, and enrich Chinese ethnical genetic informational resources.     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

有力的思想武器 科学的行动指南——读《江泽民文选》有感

<江泽民文选>是集中反映我们党坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合的经典著作,是充分体现"三个代表"重要思想的杰出理论文献.学习<江泽民文选>,抓住建设中国特色社会主义这个主题,把握"三个代表"重要思想这个关键,有助于我们领会其精神实质,真正学通弄懂,更好地发挥马克思主义中国化的最新理论成果对中国特色社会主义实践的指导作用.     

The general toxicology unknown. I. The systematic approach

The general toxicology unknown often presents challenges and interests to toxicologists. A systematic analytical approach to search for drugs or poisons is presented here. The preliminary screening analyses were as follows: alcohol by gas chromatography (GC), ethchlorvynol colorimetric analysis, enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), basic drug screening by GC, and neutral and weakly acidic drug screening by GC. Other additional analyses were performed depending on the special circumstance of each individual case and the results of these preliminary analyses. Positive findings were confirmed by computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry when practical. Quantitation was performed by GC whenever possible.     

《拿破仑法典》中译本即将出版

一个半世纪以来,资本主义各国法学家和史学家纷纷加以评论并被誉为典型的资产阶级社会的法典的《拿破仑法典》中译本,即将由商务印书馆出版,公开发行.《拿破仑法典》是在法国资产阶级大革命胜利之后,为了统一民法典的需要和巩固资产阶级革命的胜利成果的需要而制定的.在法国大革命之前,尽管法国是个封建专制的中央集权国家,但是它所施行的法律是很不统一的.当时,法国南部为成文法地区,主要施行罗马的《尤斯蒂宁法典》;北部为习惯法地区,主要施行1580年修正的1510年的巴黎习惯及1509年     

论可持续发展与环境法的不断完善

可持续发展战略的实施对环境法提出了新的更高的要求 ,这就促使环境法通过不断的自我调整同趋完善。为此本文深入探讨了环境立法体系、环境立法体例和环境权利体系三方面的内容 ,以求对环境法的不断完善提供借鉴。