中央苏区审计制度述论

中央苏区时期,临时中央政府在政权建设过程中先后建立了财政审查委员会、财政人民委员部审计处和中央审计委员会等审计组织,并最终确立了财审分离的审计模式,为巩固苏维埃政权发挥了重要的历史作用。     

Seeking Strategic Balance in Complicated Situation

More than 170 years after the Opium War,China is returning to a more central role in international relations.The major global emergencies in 2014 indicate an historical course alteration is happening now,and China’s strategic choices will determine much of the final destination of the change.The interim period poses challenges to China’s national security and greater uncertainty in international systems.China’s rise,coupled with internal problems brought about by social transition and relatively insufficient strategic means,will make it more difficult for China to secure its interests.Provided China succeeds in this period of insecurity,the overall environment for the country will incrementally improve.Provided several factors are properly balanced,a period of relative"stability"will ensue as the negative effects brought about by China’s rise disappear.     

国际法院裁决:柏威夏寺问题的终结?

根据柬埔寨的要求,2013年11月11日,海牙国际法院对柏威夏寺周边地区的领土纠纷作出判决,使柏威夏寺问题再次成为热点。尽管国际法院的裁决已经出来,但该问题似乎并未获得彻底解决,该问题依然是两国人民十分关注的热点,且对两国之间的关系有比较大的影响。在对该问题隐藏的若干因素进行分析后,本文认为该问题未能彻底解决的原因包括两国人民的思想差异、过度民族主义及国内政治斗争等因素。     

Did Policy Experimentation in China Always Seek Efficiency? A case study of Wenzhou financial reform in 2012

Policy experimentation has been widely considered a ‘magic bullet’ of policy improvement and key to economic prosperity in China. This article, however, argues that policy experimentation in China does not always seek policy efficiency. Rather, it can be manipulated as a political symbol without actually affecting practices. By taking a case study on Wenzhou's financial reform, this article illustrates that local policy experimentation can serve as a mechanism for the central government to legitimately delay reform practices—in the case of Wenzhou's financial reform in 2012, out of a desire to maintain socio-economic stability during the power succession at the 18th Party Congress. In this reform, socio-economic stability was deemed more important than developing a sustainable and effective long-term policy. This article provides a new perspective on understanding policy experimentation in China by proposing the idea of ‘symbolic reforms’.     

"外围国家"上升为"中心国家"的历史经验考察——以美国和巴西为例

独立后至20世纪30年代巴西经济实行初级产品出口型发展模式,虽然它一定程度上促进了巴西经济的发展,但并没有使巴西摆脱"外围国家"(不发达国家或发展中国家)的地位;至70年代巴西根据世界经济发展形势采取了进口替代工业化发展模式,同样也没有缩小与"中心国家"(西方工业发达国家)的经济差距,仍然处于第三世界。而同时期的美国在独立后开始实行保护主义进口替代,有效地保护了国内工业,美国也由此在20世纪初期迅速成为"中心国家";至20世纪70年代全面自由对外贸易进一步巩固了美国"中心国家"的地位。     

从大学生就业难看我国教育体制改革的迫切性

当前在国际金融危机冲击下,我国凸现出大学生就业难问题.为了帮助大学生就业,各级政府部门想尽了各种办法,但是收效却不明显.面对如此严重的局面,人们不禁会问,我国的大学生占人口的比例并不大,为什么会就业如此之难?大学生就业难是短期出现的困难呢,还是长期存在的问题?笔者在本文中从社会发展的需求与大学生培养两个方面,深入分析了大学生就业难的原因.认为我国大学在"扩招"的过程中,教育体制改革长期滞后是形成大学生就业难的根本原因.为此,加快教育体制改革的步伐,是解决大学生就业难的根本途径.     

Empirical versus Theoretical Claims about Extreme Counterfactuals: A Response

Langche Zeng Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 e-mail: lazeng{at}ucsd.edu In response to the data-based measures of model dependence proposedin King and Zeng (2006), Sambanis and Michaelides (2008) proposealternative measures that rely upon assumptions untestable inobservational data. If these assumptions are correct, then theirmeasures are appropriate and ours, based solely on the empiricaldata, may be too conservative. If instead, and as is usuallythe case, the researcher is not certain of the precise functionalform of the data generating process, the distribution from whichthe data are drawn, and the applicability of these modelingassumptions to new counterfactuals, then the data-based measuresproposed in King and Zeng (2006) are much preferred. After all,the point of model dependence checks is to verify empirically,rather than to stipulate by assumption, the effects of modelingassumptions on counterfactual inferences. Author’s note: Easy-to-use software to implement the methodsdiscussed here, called "WhatIf: Software for Evaluating Counterfactuals,"is available at http://gking.harvard.edu/whatif. All informationnecessary to replicate the analyses herein can be found in King and Zeng (2008).Conflict of interest statement. None declared.     

现行夫妻共同财产制的弊端及其立法思考

本文论述了现行婚姻法规定的夫妻共同财产制的诸多弊端,提出了规定一定范围的夫妻共同财产制,一定范围的夫妻个人财产制及健全夫妻约定财产制的立法建议。     

基于工作流的学院综合信息系统的进化

工作流技术带来了基于过程的分布式信息集成应用,其有成效地应用到了长沙民政学院综合信息系统上,并将基于这一应用模式进行扩充、进化与完善。对此,本文从建设目标与策略、业务分析、系统设计与工作流应用等方面对系统进化进行了论述。由于学校领域事务过程的非稳定性,本文提出了组织驱动的工作流系统构建与应用的策略,其实现步骤是由外至内的,因此在应用上有更好的外部适应性。     

Forensic human image identification using medical indicators

Diseases not only bring troubles to people’s body functions and mind but also influence the appearances and behaviours of human beings. Similarly, we can analyse the diseases from people’s appearances and behaviours and use the personal medical history for human identification. In this article, medical indicators presented in abnormal changes of human appearances and behaviours caused by physiological or psychological diseases were introduced, and were applied in the field of forensic identification of human images, which we called medical forensic identification of human images (mFIHI). The proposed method analysed the people’s medical signs by studying the appearance and behaviour characteristics depicted in images or videos, and made a comparative examination between the medical indicators of the questioned human images and the corresponding signs or medical history of suspects. Through a conformity and difference analysis on medical indicators and their indicated diseases, it would provide an important information for human identification from images or videos. A case study was carried out to demonstrate and verify the feasibility of the proposed method of mFIHI, and our results showed that it would be important contents and angles for forensic expert manual examination in forensic human image identification.