“见危不救”犯罪化的层次分析

社会对见危不救行为是否定的.对其价值判断的这种一致性,使得对其犯罪化不只是可能,而且是必要的.对见危不救行为动用刑罚加以调整,使人们自愿承担救人于危难间的义务,以促进社会的整体利益.我国刑法中应增加"见危不救罪",但要有严格的范围限制.     

当前农村思想政治工作的问题及建议——关于湖北省荆门市农村思想政治工作的调查

分析了农村思想政治工作中存在的问题,提出了加强农村思想政治工作的建议。     

美国暴力犯罪的被害人

<正> 在美国这个"犯罪王国"中,最能引起人们内心恐惧、关注,同时又最能代表犯罪问题的莫过于暴力犯罪了。在美国主要的人身暴力犯罪是谋杀、严重攻击、强奸和抢劫。此外,还有其他攻击、绑架,虐待配偶与儿童和放火等暴力犯罪。近年来的统计表明,各种暴力犯罪几乎无例外地呈上升趋势。以杀人为例,近几年平均每年在美国发生的杀人案约为22,000起,这个数字意味着每年中有一万个人里就有一人被暴力杀人致死。随着越来越多的人成为     

新中国成立以来基层社会犯罪治理的历史图景与法理——以浙江龙泉为例

县域治理在国家治理中居于基础地位,而基层社会的犯罪治理直接关系着国家的长久治安。以浙江龙泉为例,纵观新中国成立后基层社会犯罪治理的发展历程,其治理模式大致经历了"全能主义治理""综合治理""合作式治理模式转型"等三种类型的更替。犯罪治理的变革主要表现为治理主体、治理方式、治理内容与治理模式的变化。70余年来,基层社会犯罪治理一些特有的机制得以延续,成为了当前犯罪治理的基本特征与经验,主要包括国家主导与地方探索、正式制度与非正式制度的综合运用、常规治理与运动式治理并存三个方面。未来,应当创新社会治理,推动犯罪治理的良性运行。     

中国传统法律文化评估

<正> 一、问题的提出在我国近代史上,为了改变腐朽的封建统治和列强入侵所造成的积贫积弱的落后局面,先进的中国人曾多次掀起"向西方学习" (确切说,应为向先进的发达国家学习)的热潮,以救亡图存、变法革新、振兴中华。其实质是推翻反动的封建统治,发展资本主义,变封建的中国为资本主义的中国。为此目的,无数志士仁人曾奋斗终生、前仆后继,不惜流血牺牲,奉献自己的生命。他们的努力虽然取得一定成果,但历史毕竟是无情的:鸦片战争以后在中国这块古老的大地上不可能真正开出资本主义之花,结出资本主义民主共和国之果。出     

刑事侦查中同一鉴定的几个问题

<正> 关于侦查中的同一鉴定,多年来,国内侦查学界几乎所有的学者都把它称为"同一认定",而且在其概念、客体、目的、分类及科学基础等方面,存在着许多模糊看法。因此,通过讨论,澄清有关理论是非,求得对同一鉴定若干问題的正确认识和掌握,无论在理论上还是在实践中都有着特别的重要性。一、关于同一鉴定的概念问题 什     

DNA指纹的个体特异性和细胞稳定性研究

人类基因组的许多高度可变区域能够与小卫星探针杂交,而同时被检测出来,小卫星探针由串联重复的"核心"顺序构成.采用Southern印迹杂交获得的DNA指纹图包含多条高度可变的DNA片段杂交带,这些带主体细胞和生殖细胞中都表现出稳定性,而且安全具有个体特异性.本文用小卫星探针33.15,调查了北京地区的60名无关个体,     

Developmental trends of delinquent attitudes and behaviors: replications and synthesis across domains, time, and samples

Inconsistent findings of attitude-behavior relations are commonly attributed to uncontrolled domain, time, or situational factors. Without integrative work, studies accounting for these factors may further complicate research by introducing potentially numerous third variables and render a coherent understanding of the attitude-behavior relationship even more difficult to achieve. In this paper, a developmental perspective is taken and the attitude-behavior relationship in delinquency is examined using three modes of investigation: multivariate patterns of attitude-behavior associations, their mutual predictability, and their developmental trajectories. Three grade cohorts of public school boys (n=1517 of the first, seventh, and tenth grades, initially) were followed over a period of 4 years, with an average age span of 7–16 years. Correspondence analyses suggested that adolescent boys with a tolerant attitude toward theft or violence were more deviant than those who had actual behavior of theft or violence. Stronger attitude effect on subsequent behavior, relative to behavior effect on subsequent attitudes, was found among boys aged 10–12 years. While mean scores of tolerant attitudes to serious theft and violence increased linearly with their behavior counterparts between 6 and 17 years of age, ages 11 and 14 were two turning points at which most delinquent attitudes and behaviors escalated at a higher speed. In general, delinquent attitudes and behaviors were related to each other in various patterns, and age was a defining factor that provided much of the explanation for the inconsistencies in research findings.     

Attempts at drug control in Colombia,Peru and Bolivia

The paper analyzes as part of a broader study the drug-control policy of the cocacocaine producing countries of Colombia, Perú and Bolivia, beginning with a short introduction of the political framework. The legal and political emphasis of this policy lies in the area of control and repression, which therefore is analysed in more detail. One can recognize a (substantial) tendency towards overcriminalisation linked to easier (procedural) possibilities of criminal prosecution and punishment (II). However, this questionable policy, when examined from a civil rights standpoint, proves to be of limited efficacy: given the continuing flow of cocaine to the US and the expanding trade to Europe, the policy can hardly pass a qualitative test considering the quantitative evidence (III). There are basically two alternatives from the viewpoint of the producing countries: the international commercialisation of coca and alternative development; from the viewpoint of the consumer countries the controlled legalisation (IV).This article is based on criminological research about the drug policies of Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, which was accepted at the end of 1992 as a doctoral thesis by the Law Faculty of the University of Munich. It attempts to summarize the substantial results of this research but is compelled, due to its limited scope, to frequently refer to previous publications (Ambos, 1993, 1994).This article was published in an earlier German version in Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, vol. 76, No. 4/1993, pp. 206–226, in a Spanish version in: Cuadernos de Política Criminal (Madrid) No. 53 (1994) pp. 629–667 and Revista dela Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Politicas, No. 98 (1996), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, pp. 343–390. — I am indebted to Prof. Daniel Nesereko, University of Botswana for refining the English version and critial comments.