猪环曲病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中猪环曲病毒(porcine torovirus,PToV)N基因的保守序列,设计合成1对针对PToV的特异性引物,建立了基于SYBR GreenⅡ检测PToV的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法。结果显示,该方法能很好地将PToV与猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪嵴病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、A群猪轮状病毒、猪瘟病毒、沙门菌和大肠杆菌区分开来,特异性强。检测PToV的N基因在8.65×101~8.65×108拷贝/μL范围内有很好的线性关系,其扩增相关系数为0.998 9,扩增产物的熔解曲线分析只有1个单特异峰。所建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法组内变异系数为0.29%~1.30%,组间变异系数为0.45%~1.80%,重复性较好。利用该方法对采集自四川部分地区的43份临床样品进行检测,实时荧光定量RTPCR检出13份阳性样品,与常规PCR检测方法的阳性符合率为100%。结果表明建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法特异性较强、灵敏度高,可用于该病的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

大学城的治安问题及其校园案件的对策思考

大学城的治安问题比较严重,有具有敌意的欺凌、体罚、伤害等暴力行为;有寻衅滋事、绑架、恐怖等安全问题;有盗窃、抢劫等刑事案件。这种情况反映了高校在安全防范方面还存在诸多隐患和漏洞:一是大学生防范意识薄弱,给犯罪分子以可乘之机;二是校园人员结构复杂,不法分子混迹其中;三是学校保卫力量薄弱,物防、技防科技含量低;四是学校领导重视不够,缺少快速反应机制。大学城里校园案件的高发已经影响到正常的教学秩序、科研秩序和师生员工的生活秩序,为了维护高校稳定,应当采取有效措施,分析、研究案件的多发原因和规律特点,制定切实可行的预防措施,降低发案率,营造安全、文明的校园环境。     

司法改革的使命——中共十八届三中全会司法改革内容解读

中共十八届三中全会对我国司法改革作出了全面的战略部署。其核心是“两个去除”：去除司法地方保护和去除司法行政化。实现前者的路径包括人财物的省级统管和司法区划的建立,实现后者的路径主要包括改革司法人事管理制度、改革审判委员会制度、规范上下级法院关系和司法公开。落实这“两个去除”,是保障独立审判,维护司法权威,实现我国社会的司法之治的必由之路。     

藏区刑事案件发案特点、原因及防控对策--以四川省康定县为调查对象

藏区地理环境特殊,经济、文化、教育发展水平相对落后,其刑事犯罪有自身特点。刑事犯罪的防控工作需要因地制宜。以康定县为例,该县刑事犯罪呈现出较强的季节性特点,案件多与虫草相关,家族仇杀等恶性命案以及赌博、拦路抢劫案件多发,各类劳务、劳资纠葛引发的案件逐渐增多。其刑事犯罪案件发生原因主要有犯罪者个体、职能管理部门乃至社会大环境方面存在的弊端。刑事犯罪的防控需要相应地从上述多方面寻求对策。     

Immunohistochemical investigation of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A in fatal poisoning

To evaluate the immunohistochemical distribution of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) in fatal poisoning in relation to the effects of drugs and poisons on respiratory function, 42 forensic autopsy cases were examined by scoring the staining intensity. The highest scores of SP-A staining, with dense granular deposits (aggregates) in the intra-alveolar space, were observed in fatalities from pancuronium bromide (muscle relaxant) injection and petroleum (butane) gas inhalation. Poisoning with organophosphate pesticides and arsenic (ingestion) showed a second grade SP-A score. However, The SP-A scores were relatively low in ethanol and sedative-hypnotic intoxication. Carbon monoxide intoxication showed a varied degree of SP-A score, and the aggregated SP-A score tended to be higher in cases of lower blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration. A varied SP-A score was also observed in methamphetamine fatalities, in which the score was relatively low in cases with a higher serum drug level. Increase of SP-A was not always associated with the intra-alveolar effusion or hemorrhages. The above-described observations suggested that the immunohistochemical score of SP-A may be a possible indication for intensity and duration of drug/poison-dependent respiratory distress.     

Primary study of vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis of early acute myocardial ischemia

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the model of rat early acute myocardial ischemia was studied by Strept-Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (SABC) immunohistochemical staining. After ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, an initial rapid (30min) positive expression of VEGF in myocardial ischemic areas was observed, the intensity of positive expression of VEGF increased with the continuation of myocardial ischemia. After 5h infarction, the strongly positive myocytes of SABC-VEGF staining were predominantly limited to perimyocardial infarction areas. No positive expression of VEGF was found in the control group. These findings suggested that SABC-VEGF method could give a sensitive, specific, simple and objective morphologic evidence to the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death caused by acute early myocardial ischemia.     

X-ray mapping technique: a preliminary study in discriminating gunshot residue particles from aggregates of environmental occupational origin

The possibility of detection of lead-antimony-barium aggregates from non-firearm sources is confirmed according to the tests performed on brake pads, and firework and automobile workers. Moreover, information on particles taken from cartridge cases shows the relative feeble importance of the morphology in distinguishing gunshot residues (GSRs). Furthermore, also the presence in the spectrum of other elements (e.g., iron) is not so conclusive. In this panorama, the possibility of discriminating gunshot residue particles from other non-firearm lead-antimony-barium aggregates is investigated: the proposed method is based on X-ray mapping technique--currently applied used in Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche in Rome, the forensic service of Italian Carabinieri--according to which the spatial distribution of the emission energy of each element of the sample is pictured. Gunshot residues present the same lead-antimony-barium distribution (or at least the same antimony-barium distribution with lead nodules), as some other environmental occupational aggregates do not (different plaques of lead, antimony, and barium). So, X-ray mapping technique can offer a new fundamental evaluation parameter in analysis of gunshot residues with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive (SEM/EDS) spectrometry, and new standards could be considered.     

Longitudinal brainstem laceration associated with complex basilar skull fractures due to a fall: an autopsy case

This report describes an autopsy case of a rare longitudinal brainstem laceration associated with complex basilar skull fractures. The victim was a 40-year-old male who died immediately after falling from a roof (9.2m in height) of a factory onto a concrete floor. The postmortem examination revealed an incomplete ring fracture of the base of the skull with longitudinal fractures of the sphenoid (clivus of the dorsum sellae turcicae) and occipital bones, cerebral contusions in the frontal and temporal poles, a longitudinal brainstem laceration at the posterior median sulcus of the pons accompanied with multiple contusional hemorrhages in the brainstem and corpus callosum. Related blunt-force injuries were observed in the parieto-occipital region of the head, shoulder and upper back involving the fractures of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and sternum and ribs, indicating a huge impact to the occiput and subsequent impression of the vertebral column into the base of the skull due to violent anteroflexion of the neck, which caused the complex basilar skull fractures, contusions and longitudinal laceration of the brainstem.     

恢复性司法视域中的反腐败追逃追赃国际合作

我国反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利,但形势依然严峻复杂。以《联合国反腐败公约》为基础,通过劝返和域外追诉等方式,使很多外逃腐败分子回国接受审判,追缴回了很多赃款。然而我国现阶段适用这两种方式进行反腐败追逃追赃工作时,面临缺乏强力的法律支撑和顺畅的国际合作等难题。我国应当在相关法律,特别是《刑事诉讼法》《监察法》中认可“恢复性司法”的理念和模式,充分利用劝返模式的优势,减少域外追诉的负担。此外,在法律制度层面认可恢复性司法,可增进世界其他国家对我国反腐败法律制度的了解,增强我国在反腐败国际合作中的话语权。     

安倍路线与中日关系

日本首相安倍晋三上台以来,软化日本对华姿态,力图摆脱其前任小泉纯一郎造成的日本外交严重困境,同时大力推进日本"国家正常化"与政治文化的民族主义改造。这与他在政策实践方面较之于小泉颇为突出的灵活性和策略性相结合,形成了别具一格的"安倍路线"。"安倍路线"是一种内涵复杂的意愿方向和政策纲要,各种内涵既有本质上的连贯和统一性,又有显著的外在矛盾和深刻的内在紧张。透视"安倍路线"的性质与政策实践,是准确把握和预料日本对外政策和对华政策的一个关键。鉴于"安倍路线"和中日关系的复杂性,中国需要一种与之相应的"复合"战略。