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133.
Quantification of human mitochondrial DNA in a real time PCR 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
von Wurmb-Schwark N Higuchi R Fenech AP Elfstroem C Meissner C Oehmichen M Cortopassi GA 《Forensic science international》2002,126(1):34-39
Recently, a moderately priced machine for real-time quantitative PCR has become available, the Perkin Elmer 5700. The rapid and quantitative assay of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is potentially useful in a variety of molecular, evolutionary and forensic fields. Using this new tool, we have evaluated the precision and reliability of the real time PCR to quantify undeleted mitochondrial genome copy number, and to determine the frequency of an age-associated deletion of 4977 base pairs in length, in 42 human iliopsoas muscle DNA samples from persons of known age. We have evaluated the accuracy with which age can be predicted, knowing only the frequency of this common 4977 bp deletion, and derived a statistical formula which describes the confidence with which the 4977 bp frequency predicts age. The results indicate that the mutation frequency could be used to distinguish between tissue from young and old individuals. However in this data set, while there was considerable agreement of 4977 bp frequency among replicates from the same individual sample, there was substantial diversity of mean mutation frequency between individuals of the same or similar ages. The simplest interpretation of these results is that there are biological modifiers of 4977 bp frequency that are age-independent, which are potentially interesting but may limit the usefulness of this deletion frequency alone as a "molecular forensic clock." 相似文献
134.
A number of traditional South African herbal remedies which are associated with morbidity and mortality were analysed for selenium, manganese, copper, lead, zinc and mercury content. Few showed high levels of toxic metals, but in these the concentrations were sufficiently high as to cause concern since there is no quality control on the production of these remedies, which are the accepted form of medication for over 80% of the population. Urine samples, obtained from 65 patients admitted to hospital following treatment with a traditional herbal remedy were also analysed for metals. Only a small number of the patients had abnormally high levels of metal excretion. These data suggest that, in contrast to experience with traditional Chinese and Indian preparations, metal contamination from plants seems not to be a problem in traditional South African remedies. 相似文献
135.
Two cases of regurgitation of gastric juice peri mortem are reported which resulted in lesions of the thoracic skin and led to the suspicion of being caused by another possibly dangerous chemical agent. In both cases, however, other causes of death could be established. Neither could any foreign chemical substances be detected by extensive toxicological investigations nor were any alterations of esophagus and gastric mucosa revealed in the course of the autopsy. Histological investigations demonstrated a circumscribed recent necrosis of the epidermis and dermis. Therefore, regurgitation of the acidic gastric content as the agent impairing the skin was most likely. The impressive histological appearance of the peri mortem regurgitation skin lesions lesions may be due to the circulatory arrest as well as stagnation of vital cellular reactions and repair mechanisms, dehydration of the altered tissue and postmortem permanence of the impairing agent. 相似文献
136.
Palmqvist Riia A. Martikainen Liisa K. von Wright Maijaliisa Rauste 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2003,32(3):195-203
Previous studies have investigated adolescents' reasons for alcohol and narcotics use, but have tended to neglect changes in the reasons over time. This study investigates the reasons given by Finnish adolescents for their own alcohol use, and for the use of alcohol and narcotics by others. In 1984, a questionnaire on reasons for alcohol and narcotics use was administered to a sample of adolescents aged 14–16 (N = 396). The questionnaire was administered again to a similar sample (N = 488) in 1999. An increase was found in reasons involving inner subjective experiences, referring to the good feeling and fun resulting from alcohol and narcotics use. In addition, the goals of alcohol consumption were increasingly perceived as drinking to get drunk, and for its own sake. The results suggest that adolescents' attitudes have become more liberal towards alcohol and narcotics use, and that prevention campaigns may be aiming at a moving target of culturally held opinion. 相似文献
137.
Fabienne Crettaz von Rotten Patrice Hof Jean‐Philippe Leresche 《Swiss Political Science Review》2003,9(3):97-111
The purpose of this research note is to examine if the attitude toward science of the Swiss citizens is related to their confidence in Swiss institutions, precisely in political institutions. Based on the results of one survey (Eurobarometer 2001), we show that the attitude toward science is moderately related to the confidence, that the number of significant relationship of each institution depend on the level of confidence of the institution, and that we distinguish two types of relation: linear and inverted U‐shaped. 相似文献
138.
An Iranian soldier died at a toxicological intensive care unit at Munich seven days after a vesicant exposure. At the autopsy the typical symptoms of mustard gas intoxication were found. The vesicant was detected qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the abdominal fat and quantified in the tissues and in the body fluids by the following method: (1) extraction by dichloromethane, (2) cleanup of the extracts by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica plates, (3) extractive derivatization with gold-chloride, and (4) quantitative determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). The equal extracts, after heating, served for blanks. The following concentrations were found (milligrams of mustard gas/kilograms of tissue wet weight): brain 10.7, cerebrospinal fluid 1.9, liver 2.4, kidney 5.6; spleen 1.5, lung 0.8, muscle 3.9, fat 15.1, skin 8.4, skin with subcutaneous fatty tissue 11.8, liquid from a skin blister: below detection limit, blood 1.1, and urine: below detection limit. 相似文献
139.
Jürgen von Hagen 《Public Choice》2010,144(3-4):487-503
The rules-based fiscal framework of the EMU relies heavily on the development of medium-term fiscal plans by the EU governments. In this paper, I present an empirical analysis of the deviations from the plans presented in the annual Stability and Convergence Programs. I focus on projections for real GDP growth and general government balances, revenues and spending at different time horizons. I show that deviations from the projections presented in these Programs since 1999 can be explained by institutional factors, i.e., the form of fiscal governance and the stringency of fiscal rules. 相似文献
140.
Detlef von Daniels 《Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy》2018,21(4):456-477
Monarchy is liberalism’s little secret. Given the number of articles and books appearing every year dealing with liberal democracy as the hallmark of contemporary Western societies, it is astonishing that monarchy is rarely ever mentioned despite the fact that monarchy, and not a republic, is the constitutional form of quite a number of Western liberal states. I argue that considering the political reality of the established monarchies in Europe leads into a dilemma: either contemporary liberalism is not the kind of theory it claims to be or it has to reconsider its central tenets. In conclusion, I show that the dilemma cannot be solved or avoided but needs to be embraced by conceiving liberalism not as a applied moral theory but as a political theory that leaves room for various symbolic self-understandings and acknowledges the crooked timber of historical realities. 相似文献